Schon's Reflective Model

Schon’s Reflective Practice Model: A Guide To The Art Of Reflection

Reflective practice is an important procedure in professional development. It allows people to understand from experience and constantly enhance their skills. One of the most impactful figures in this domain is Donald Schön. His Reflective Practice Model has improved the way practitioners approach knowledge and problem-solving in practical scenarios.

Schön’s Reflective Practice Model highlights two major procedures: reflection-in-action, which happens during the experience and reflection-on-action, which occurs after the situation. This double approach promotes profound knowledge, supporting experts to adjust and react more effectively in difficult or unpredictable environments. Mainly in fields such as education, healthcare, and social work, where practical judgments carry considerable importance, Schön’s model promotes critical thinking and development.

As compared with other models, such as Driscoll’s Reflective Model or Rolfe’s Reflective Model, Schön’s framework stands out for its vibrant and fluid nature. Let’s learn more about Schön’s Reflective Model in the upcoming sections.

Who Was Donald Schon?

Donald Schön was a famous American Philosopher and Educator, greatly acknowledged for his assistance in reflective learning and professional growth. He was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Schön was instrumental in bridging the gap between theory and practice. His innovative work in the 1980s presented the idea of "reflective practice,". This changed the way experts in domains such as education, healthcare, and engineering approach their work.

Schön highlighted the significance of reflection in action, critically considering while involved in a task. On the other hand, reflection on action is where experts analyse their experiences after the fact. His outlook challenged traditional frameworks of learning, supporting a more vibrant, practical approach. By his influential works, such as The Reflective Practitioner, Schön left an enduring legacy. This legacy influences professors, practitioners and analysts in learning how reflective learning can enhance expert knowledge and problem-solving skills.

History of Schön’s Reflective Practice Model?

Schön’s Reflective Practice Model is an idea offered by Donald Schön. It concentrates on how experts can constantly enhance their knowledge through reflective approaches. The idea highlights two major types of reflection, i.e., reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. These practices support individuals to meticulously study their actions and polish their technique over time.

• Reflection-in-action happens in the middle of an activity. It enables experts to make real-time modifications as they work. It allows them to react to unpredictable circumstances, adjust quickly and draw conclusions according to immediate experience. For instance, a doctor might adapt their strategy during surgery based on the patient’s condition at that point.
• Reflection-on-action occurs after the event. It integrates reflecting on previous behaviours to study what went right, what could be enhanced, and how to address similar situations ahead in future. For example, an educator may reflect on a lesson after it’s done, studying strengths and areas of improvement.

Schön’s Reflective Practice Model promotes constant education, self-learning and adjustment, which are important for experts in vibrant domains. By incorporating both reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action, people improve their skill to solve problems and enhance their overall practice.

Key Components of the Model

Schön’s Reflective Practice Model usually comprises two major components. Learn about these components in detail in the further sections.

Reflection-in-Action

Reflection-in-action refers to the method of critical thinking and making changes while actively engaged in a task or activity. This kind of reflection is presented by Donald Schön. It integrates students' evaluation of their behaviours and judgments in real-time, allowing them to adjust and resolve issues as they arise. It is a continuous and vibrant process that promotes constant learning during the event. This allows practitioners to enhance their technique and improve performance without asking for stepping away or pausing. By reacting immediately to challenges, reflection-in-action enhances practical problem-solving abilities and promotes understanding. This streamlines real-time growth and adjustment in multiple professional contexts.

“For example, an educator may adapt their teaching techniques on the fly if they see that students are struggling to learn a concept. Rather than waiting after the lesson, they promptly modify their answer or approach.”

This kind of adjustable thinking helps to manage issues as they occur, making the procedure more reactive and influential. In this example, the educator is reflecting-in-action, thinking about the feedback given by the student’s answers and adapting their teaching accordingly.

Reflection-on-Action

Reflection-on-action occurs after an incident or task has been completed. Here, people step back and analyse their behaviours and findings. This sort of reflection authorises profound research of past experiences, helping students in concluding what worked well and what should be improved. Reflection-on-action fosters critical consideration of conclusions made and their importance. This leads to practical insights for future situations. It is a more intended, retrospective process as compared with reflection-in-action. It allows experts to immerse their expertise in future situations. Schön’s model underlines this reflection as crucial for personal and professional development.

“For example, after a workshop, a manager may check their policy on team facilitation. This involves deliberating on which approach promoted participation and which hindered it. By reflecting on the event, they get a more precise idea about what should be done differently in future.”

This reflective procedure adheres to Schön’s model, as it fosters constant learning and self-enhancement by evaluating previous behaviours and planning new strategies. Both reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action highlight each other. This makes a holistic approach to professional growth through ongoing reflection and transformation.

Real-Life Examples of Schön’s Model in Use

For a better explanation of this model in various practical situations, we have prepared these 3 engaging case-study examples for you. Through these case studies in different domains, you can deeply understand the importance and usage of this model in real-life activities.

Nursing

Situation: A nurse caring for a seriously ill patient during a shift experiences sudden changes in the patient’s condition.

Reflection-in-Action: As the patient’s critical signs worsen, the nurse quickly changes their technique, enforcing essential medical interventions while re-evaluating the condition in real time.

Outcome: By demonstrating the patient’s growing demands and responding immediately, the nurse confirms that the patient receives timely care. This reflection enables the nurse to consider critically and act promptly in high-pressure conditions.

Teaching

Situation: A teacher is providing a lesson to a class and detects that some learners are struggling with the brief.

Reflection-in-Action: Amid the lesson, the teacher adapts their teaching approach, perhaps facilitating the answers or offering practical examples, based on the learner’s responses and engagement.

Outcome: The teacher’s skill to deliberate on the learners’ quick needs and adjustments during the lesson helps in ensuring that all students are engaged and able to learn the content more profoundly.

Business

Situation: A project manager ignores a team working on a tight deadline, and an unforeseen error arises that can delay the project submission.

Reflection-in-Action: The manager evaluates the situation, analyses the root cause of the concern and promptly rearranges tasks or resources to meet the deadline.

Outcome: Through real-time review, the project manager manages the situation effectively, showing flexibility and prompt decision-making that guarantees that the project stays on track.

Schön's Reflective Practice is important in nursing and teaching, where adjusting to practical challenges improves performance and learning results. To explore more about the structured reflection practices, you can also check out the online aids like nursing assignment help services. Here you can explore in detail these reflective practices and how they are flawlessly applied in real-life conditions in varied domains.

Benefits of Using Schön’s Reflective Practice Model

After reading so much about Schön’s reflective model, let’s learn about some of its key benefits. Know why this model is beneficial and in what ways. Have a look:

• Facilitates continuous learning: Reflective practice enables practitioners to pursue continuous learning by deliberating on their experiences.
• Enhances Problem-Solving Skills: By critically thinking during activities, experts can resolve issues in real time, changing their method to challenges as they occur.
• Improves Decision-Making: Reflection authorises people to evaluate their judgements during a task, making it easy to change techniques for improved results.
• Fosters Self-Awareness: Schön's model supports people in achieving profound insights into their resilience and weaknesses. This promotes self-awareness and personal growth.
• Encourages Adaptability: Reflective practice empowers practitioners to immediately adapt to changing conditions. This improves their capability to respond to vibrant environments.
• Boosts Confidence: Everyday reflection builds trust as experts see the influence of their behaviours and understand from successes and missteps.
• Supports Better Patient/Student Outcomes: In domains such as nursing and teaching, reflection allows practitioners to polish their techniques, improving care or teaching efficiency.

Employing reflective learning frameworks such as Schön’s encourages development, adaptability and enhanced decision-making across multiple careers.

Comparing Schon with Other Reflective Models

Here’s a meticulous differentiation of the top 10 reflective models. Have a look at these models and identify their unique features that make them different from Schön’s reflective model.

Model	Key Feature
Schön's Reflective Practice	Focuses on 'reflection-in-action' and 'reflection-on-action', highlighting real-time problem-solving during the process.
Gibbs Reflective Cycle	A structured, step-by-step reflection procedure involving feelings, assessment, description, research, conclusion and action plan.
Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle	Underlines four stages: Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualisation, and Active Experimentation, concentrating on understanding through experience.
Dewey's Reflective Thinking	Concentrates on critical thinking and problem-solving, highlighting the significance of active inquiry and assessment of situations.
John's Model of Reflection	Promotes profound reflection through concentrated questioning, with a robust emphasis on self learning and professional growth.
Rolfe's Framework for Reflective Practice	Based on three easy queries: "What? So what? Now what?", striving to make a cycle of reflection with useful results.
Borton’s Developmental Model	A three-stage reflective cycle: "What?", "So What?", and "Now What?", concentrating on the clarity of the idea and the practical application of knowledge.
Atkins and Murphy's Model	Employs a structured strategy of reflection, incorporating description, feelings, evaluation, analysis and action, with a concentration on emotional reaction and betterment.
The 5Rs Framework	A brief model involving Recall, Respond, Relate, Reason, and Reconstruct, striving for fast and focused reflection on practice.
Larrivee's Model	Concentrates on self-awareness and transformative learning, promoting reflective practice for personal and professional development.

This differentiation emphasises the diversity in the various reflective models. Each of these offers a unique technique for improving learning and development.

How to Apply Schon’s Model in Academic Writing

Using Schön’s reflective model to academic writing improves your ability to think deeply and adjust your approach as you work through your assignments. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Schön’s reflective model effectively in real-time scenarios.

• Start with Reflection-in-Action: While crafting your assignment, constantly pause to check how well your thoughts align with the topic. Make real-time adjustments if you discover your statements are unclear.
• Engage in Critical Thinking: As you draft, ask yourself questions such as "Is my opinion strong?" or "Are there gaps in my logic?". This enables you to refine your issues and provides transparency and coherence.
• Take Notes and Reassess: While writing, note down new perspectives or modifications to your primary discussion. This will support you in making a stronger, more subtle paper.
• Reflect-on-Action After Writing: Once your writing is complete, step back and check the overall structure and flow. Think about how the assignment tests your knowledge of the topic, and if it articulates your thoughts effectively.
• Revise and Improve: Utilise the insights during reflection to revise your content, make essential modifications to enhance clarity, depth and precision.

If further guidance is needed on applying this model; professional support is available online. Get expert guidance on how to use reflective writing models in your assignments from services like online assignment help or reflective writing services. The experts on this platform will navigate you through the complete process while solving your doubts.

Conclusion

To wrap up, Schön’s Reflective Practice Model is a valuable framework for improving both personal and professional development. By immersing in both "reflection-in-action" and "reflection-on-action," practitioners can adjust in real-time and polish their technique to challenges. This framework promotes constant learning, self-awareness and critical thinking, making it specifically effective for enhancing skills through practical knowledge.

For learners, using Schön’s reflective framework in academic writing can greatly improve the depth and quality of assignments. This provides a more intelligent and subtle approach to topics. Reflective practice also promotes the growth of a development mindset, supporting people's response to setbacks with fierce changes. Whether you are working on expert practice or academic activities, Schön’s reflective model supports you to grow and develop through experience.

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FAQs: Schön’s Reflective Practice in Teaching

What is the Schön model of reflective practice?

Schön's model highlights reflecting in real-time and after the task to enhance strategy, promoting constant learning and problem-solving during skilled tasks.

What are the four steps of Schön's reflective practice process?

Schön’s reflective practice includes: 1) Reflection-in-action, 2) Critical thinking during procedure, 3) Adapting based on real-time insights, 4) Reflection-on-action after the task for future advancement.

Why is Schön's reflective model important as a teacher?

Schön's model supports teachers to adjust promptly during lessons, making real-time adjustments to their teaching techniques based on learner responses, enhancing results and promoting vibrant classroom conditions.

What are the 5 principles of reflective practice?

The five principles are: 1) Understanding of experience, 2) Critical thinking, 3) Consideration of alternative views, 4) Reflection on actions, and 5) Commitment to change and progress for professional development.

Douglas Lockwood 8 Years | MSc

Greetings Students! I am Douglas Lockwood. I have a master's degree in Human & Applied Physiology from King's College London. To reach out to the wider students' fraternity and help them in their academic journey, I decided to become an assignment expert. Currently, I have more than 8 years of experience in academic writing. I have helped countless students in enhancing their knowledge of physiology. You can also benefit from my guidance, just hire my services.