7CO01 CIPD Level 7: Work & Working Lives in Business Answers

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QUESTION: 4

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Assessing the extent to which societies are becoming more affluent, but also more unequal

In current times, societies are becoming more affluent as well as unequal in all over the world. Yes, the employment practices are the major cause of inequality in society. Most of organization are recruiting their employees on the basis of their gender or income level. As critically said by Wilkinson (2020), the government has several actions in order to overcome gender discrimination within the organisation. However, the gaps of gender discrimination exist within the companies. The human resources of the business is also like to give preferences to the men employment rather than women because they think they are incapable to perform their duties and responsibilities in an appropriate way. However, in current times, the women are more capable to perform their roles and responsibilities and achieve the higher position within the business (Sovacool et al, 2021). Women are putting more efforts in order to accomplish the goals and objectives in timely manner as compared to the men. The patterns of recruiting the employees are the major cause behind increasing inequality within the business. The employers believe that, the women employees have high competency level, different perspectives and loyal towards the business in comparison to the men. For example, in current times within the UK companies are providing prioritize to the women because they direct relationships position and increase the profitability. The organisations with high level of gender inclusion and diversity have high probability of increasing profitability. It has been identified that, the companies are likely to hire the women in comparison to the men because they have diverse perspectives which is crucial to make informed decisions, managing conflict and preventing employee discontent. The women are putting more efforts in order to accomplish the goals and objectives in compariuson to men which ultimately positively impacts the productivity and performance (Aspiring to Include, 2022).

Moreover, in the companies the women are also discriminated on the basis of income inequality in against to the men. The gender discrimination has significant impact on the society because in this the women are treated unequally in comparison to men. The employment practices of the country have the massive impact on the society. The employment practices of the country are giving more privilege to the men over women which directly affects their growth and development. Many businesses are treating unequally based on their pay (Jay et al, 2019). In organizations, the men has more opportunity of receiving the compensation in comparison to the women. The organizations are giving more preference to hire men because they believe that women are less probable to work overtime and progress in their careers and more possible to be working in the occupation of lower-paid. From the employment practices of the country the women are unable to achieve the higher position within the business which directly affects their growth and success.

In addition, it is vital for the government to make the employment practices equally for both men and women which in turn positively impact the society. Gender inequality in the companies is considered as complex miracle that can be seen in organizational structures, practices and processes. For the women, there are several harmful gender disparities that are enacted within the employment practices. This is because the employment practices directly affect the training pay, hiring and promotion of the women. Sometimes the place of work has been regarded as unfriendly place for the women because of several forms of gender inequalities (Jetten, Mols and Selvanathan, 2020). The discrimination at place of work unfavorably affects the chances and earnings of women because of gender pay gap. The gender discrimination has significant contribution to the socio-economic status of the women. To reduce gender discrimination, the government should focus on employment practices that are closely related to processes, structures and practices. If the organizations are providing equal opportunities to male and female then they give their best efforts in order to accomplish the goals and objectives as well as it positively impacts the society.

Employment practices are one of the key contributors to the societal affluent. In the UK, equality is regarded as one of the ethical concern. For example, in Western Europe, the employees are not receiving a real living wage regardless working hard, often in full employment (Hampson, Watt and Hicks, 2020). Along with this, age is one of the significant ground on which companies discriminate their employees. In the business, the younger people are experiencing the discrimination more due to adverse stereotypes and attitudes about the youth. In current times, the companies are likely to make employment practices on the basis of age of the peoples. The employers treat the older employees poorly as compared to younger. They are likely to hire the younger peoples because they are capable to adapt the changes quickly and use technologies which positively impact the overall productivity and efficiency (Francioli and North, 2021).

Moreover, disability is another major ground on which companies discriminate their employees. The companies are given major preferences to those peoples who are capable to do all the work in the business. It negatively impact on the growth and development of the disable peoples (Kim, et al. 2020). On the other hand, most of the companies are make the employment practices in order to provider prioritize to the disable peoples. The organizations are provide equal treatment to the disable people as similar to normal person from which they feel encourage and motivate to do work. The companies are providing equal employment opportunities to the disable peoples so that they feel motivated and encouraged. This in turn results into high growth, development and advancement of employees. For example, in 2019 Unilever, UK achieved the status of ‘Disability Confident Employer’ and work together with the Business Disability Forum to make sure they create an inclusive culture and demonstrate the applicants as well as workforce with the disabilities. This organization is set the international target for 5% of its workforces will be demonstrated by the peoples with disabilities (Kitchen, 2022).

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Apart from this, the companies are also making their employment practices on the basis of marital status which is the major cause of discrimination. The companies are giver more priority to the women, who are single, divorced, widowed or separated as compare to others. From this, the organizations are treating unequally with the married women which negatively impacts their growth and development (Xu and Chopik, 2020). In the companies, the women employees are discriminate on the basis of their familial status. They are refusing to promote because of their family responsibilities, not appointing them with their children’s. The employers are believe that, the single or separated women are more capable to do work put all the efforts to accomplish the goals and objectives of the business rather than married women.

QUESTION: 6

Assess the purpose of encouraging T&D strategies and evaluating how successful they have been

In current times, the government raised the ‘education leaving age’ in order to provide training and development (T&D) to the peoples under age of 18 in order to improve their employability skills. For this the government encourages the employers of the business to make the huge investment in the training and development for growing and developing the skills & knowledge of the young peoples. In the current business environment, the companies are focusing toward the hiring the young people for their growth and development. The key purpose of these strategies is providing opportunity to young people for developing their professional lives (Pasanen et al, 2023). In the future, the society totally depends on the education of the young people’s so it will be crucial for the companies to conduct training and development for the people. For example, the organization can provide the training to their employees through apprenticeship. Adoption of this training method cam be useful for the organization because it helps them to learn about the new things from which they feel motivate and likely to retain with the business. The major purpose behind rising the ‘education leaving age’ to increase the participation of the young people and provide suitable route for them in order to increase their knowledge and skills for the future development. Co

Along with this, the strategies regarding education leaving age are raised by the government recognized as beneficial for both organizations and employers. As critically said by Boshoff, Moore and Speckesser (2019), the companies are required to focus on providing T&D to the young peoples because it helps in increasing the probability, growth, development and effectiveness as well. Implementation of the strategies regarding ‘education leaving age’ is beneficial for the organizations or employers because the young people who remain in education or T&D are capable to enhance their levels of skills and qualification. From this, the young people are competent to find the employment in jobs. For this purpose, the government is encouraging the employers by making significant investment on providing T&D to the peoples who have age under 18. Moreover, they are less likely behaved anti-socially and commit crime as well as more likely to have health and effective social skills (Anderberg et al, 2020).

7CO01 CIPD Level 7: Work & Working Lives in Business Answers

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As per the view of Buh (2022), it is significant for the employers to focus on offering T&D to the young person. The rationale behind this, they will be likely to become more productive economically ultimately it positively impacts the overall operation and effectiveness of the organizations. These strategies are successful because it positively impacts on the employment rates as well as economy. Participation in T&D is considered as the significant step to raise the level of education and skills of people. The employers believe that, the young peoples are more competent to do a job in appropriate manner as compare to other which is beneficial for the organizations. Providing training to the young peoples is advantageous for the business because they put more efforts in order to accomplish the goals and objectives in timely manner (Schweitzer, 2022). Furthermore, with the help of apprenticeship training the young peoples are capable to learned lot of things and enhance the skills from which they feel engage and motivate to accomplish the work.

Productivity is one the key purpose of the government behind raising education leaving age ‘strategies. Young peoples are healthier capable to complete the work effectively and well when prepared with the potential knowledge or skills. The government put more emphasis on providing the apprenticeship training to the young peoples because they are capable to do work in effective manner which is beneficial for the employers as well as organization by increasing the productivity (Alam, 2022). The main motive of the government behind rising the ‘education leaving age’ is that determine the suitable route for every young person. Every young people are able to undertake a training development program that is valuable and engaging. The strategies are successful because it helps in providing support to the young people require to facilitate them to participate. These strategies also ensure that no young individual is preventing for participating in training & development because of financial constraints.

Moreover, government plays an immersive role for accredited training and continues to encourage the employers to get the training to meet their requirements. The government encourages the employers to make huge investment on conducting the training & development for the young peoples because they start their earnings and improve valuable skills and gain knowledge from the employment. At the present time, all the organizations are properly follow the strategies of ‘education leaving age’ which are made by the government in order to build the reputed position within the competitive market by increasing the efficiency and productivity (Pasanen et al, 2023). The companies are focusing more on offering jobs to the young people rather than other ages. Moreover, they are likely to retain with the company for longer duration. However, if the company is not focusing on providing training to its workforce then they are unable to learn new things regarding their work and less likely to remain with them.

The strategies relevant education leaving age are successful for the organizations or employers because young people provide transparency to their co-workers and keep loyal towards the standards and policies of the business. The employers are looking for the top and skilled young talents because they are multi-taskers with passionate and skillful efforts. Providing the training development to the young people is beneficial for the business because they are capable to develop new skills and creative ideas that ultimately positively impact the profitability and productivity (Boshoff, Moore and Speckesser, 2019). Young workers offer several benefits to the business including independence, productivity and financial security. Additionally, young employees have high-valued quality goals and morals. They put additional efforts in order to meet the desires of the business and blooming their growth and development with extraordinary performance.

The organizations are likely to promote the youth recruitment because they are accountable and eliminate every mistake in order to maintain their personal and professional goals and objectives. The huge investment in training compensates with the help of higher productivity in the long-run (Anderberg et al, 2020). The current generation plays crucial role in bringing the positivity to the workplace. Appropriate instructions are for trainee makes the young employees eligible for the effective growth and development. The young workers are feeling happy to work with and provide additional hours to contribute their efforts for the business growth and success.

QUESTION: 10

Examining the main causes of change resistance and ways to deal with it

For the business success and growth, changes play an important role. The use of new processes, methods and technology improves the efficiency of business. The process of change motivates employees to innovate and develop skills (Hubbart, 2023). It aids in creating new opportunities for the employee and the employer or management of the company. However, in many companies, the employees do resist for accepting the changes. Resistance to change refers to the unwillingness of people or employees to adopt changes introduced by the company. Some employees resist towards changes because they have a fear of failure or some employees feel uncomfortable adopting the changes (Schulz-Knappe, Koch and Beckert, 2019).

Causes of resistance to change among the employees-

• Lack of Confidence- The employees of the organization resist change when employees have a less confidence in a person who brings changes to the company. It is a huge barrier for the company. The employee may feel that the change will lose their job position, power and identity at the workplace.
• Lack of Training- Resistance towards change occurs within the organization due to the lack of training. It means there is no proper training at the workplace according to the company’s changes. As a result, the employee feels insecure in relation to adopting changes indulged by the company.
• Fear of Failure- The employee's fear of adopting changes because of a pre-set mind that they cannot adapt due to lack of ability. They underestimate themselves and feel threatened that they will not attain that standard (Antony and Gupta, 2019). They protect themselves by making excuses as a result they resist the change.
• Decline comfort- Organizational changes are sometimes a result of discomfort for the employees. The changes required to learn new methods to do the existing job. The adoption of new changes requires a lot of time and energy which causes discomfort. Many times this is a reason for resistance to change.
• Company culture and norms- An organizational culture is an essential for making suitable changes. Based on culture, decisions and strategies are made for achieving success. The cultural framework increases the productivity and morale of the employee. A poor culture is a big barrier to accepting new things and processes.
• Poor change communication- Before making changes in the company, the desired changes are properly communicated within the company. If the changes are not communicated in a planned manner, then the importance of the desired changes disappears and the employees make excuses for not adopting the changes.
• Unrealistic timelines- When there is no proper time given to adopt the changes, then the employee resists the changes. The changes should not force too quickly on the employee. Proper time is given to the employees to understand the changes and how these changes impact their personal growth (Cichosz, Wallenburg and Knemeyer, 2020). No individual can accept changes so quickly; they need time.

Ways to overcome the resistance by the professionals-

The management and professionals can help in overcoming the fear of employees in various ways that are as follows:

• Provide Training and educate them- To avoid change resistance by the employees, the management should educate the employees regarding the benefits of the desired changes. To overcome the resistance training sessions help in developing awareness among employees regarding changes and how it will improve their work.,
• Provide skills- Conducting a program for employee training, helps employees update their knowledge and skills which aids the employee in adopting changes. Providing suitable skills related to the changes gives an appreciation to the employee to accept the change. It gives confidence to employees that they can accept any changes. 
• Prior Concern with the Employee- Sometimes, employees resist change because they feel that their concern is not taken into consideration while deciding on change in the company (Rath, 2022). They feel isolated and believe that their opinion is not matter. To overcome this problem before introducing changes, surveys must be done to know the opinion of the employees.
• Allocate Resources-Company should provide appropriate resources to their employees regarding the changes. To overcome the change related to technology, the company should set up an IT department within the company to solve the problems related to technology and solve the queries of the employees.
• Develop a learning-centric culture- To overcome the problem; the company should develop an environment that encourages people to learn new things. The company should motivate employees to share ideas and opinions for innovations. A learning-centric culture always keeps employees in a position to accept changes without any hesitation. Employees of this type of company happily accept changes strengthen their knowledge and skills and work efficiently for the success of the company.
• Clear communication- In order to encourage employees towards the change acceptance clear communication is highly required. For this purpose, the management must communicate about the changes to the employees so that employees would become able to know benefits associated with the same. It helps management in clearly explaining about how these changes impact the growth of employee and company as well. The clear and open communication aids management and employees in accepting changes. To avoid miscommunication the company needs to avoid sending emails to employees regarding changes.
• Implement changes in stages- For a solution to this, the management should implement changes in different stages. The employee also feels fine in adopting changes with planned stages, by learning new skills one by one (Cohen and McWilliams, 2021). This is essential for adopting these changes by the employees; they feel less burdened and frustrated in learning new skills.
• Acknowledge and reward- Employees need to be encouraged by their employers to learn new skills and tasks. A motivated employee always adapts to changes quickly. Praise the successes, giving positive feedback and boosting the confidence of the employee, aids employees in adopting the changes.

For example-

In Unilever, the management introduces new online technology to work. However, the employees resist the changes because they have no proper knowledge and skill about the use of new software and related techniques. The employees are fears that due to not being aware of technology the employee can lose their job. Also, if they are not informed how this will help the employee in their growth, whether they are trained for this purpose or not, due to lack of confidence they resist change.

QUESTION: 13

Critically evaluating the aspects undertaken by Unilever for promoting ethical people practices

The term ethical people practices are the use of ethical values to the behavior of the business. The ethical practices are applied in the all aspects of the organization such as stakeholder’s relation, corporate governance, sales techniques and corporate responsibility. Promoting the ethical business practices is the beneficial for the business because it helps in gaining the competitive advantages over the competitors. As per the view of Angonga and Florah (2019), the customers are favoring those businesses that are known for their ethical practices. On the other hand, if the organizations are not implementing the ethical practices then it reduces their market shares, revenues and sales which ultimately negatively impact on their overall operation. In addition, ethical compliant companies are capable to develop their brand image and it helps them to attract talented and skilled employees which ultimately contribute to their sustainable competitive advantage. Unilever is also promoting its ethical people practices in order to improve the brand image and attract more customers as well as employees. The virtuous practice of Unilever is interrelated to the ethical, responsible and fair use of data (Unilever, 2023).

In addition to this, to promote the ethical people practices the chosen business is also focusing towards the corporate social responsibility (CSR). The corporate purpose of chosen business is to meet or fulfill the ordinary needs and requirements of the people. The CSR approach of selected business is constructed on its relationships and values with the stakeholders. For promoting the ethical people practices Unilever is setting the high standards in corporate. Identification of ethical issue is considered as one of the significant way to promote the ethical people practices in the business. For example, various ethical issues with Unilever includes animal testing, animal rights, pollution and toxics, worker’s right, anti-social finance, irresponsible marketing etc. (Unilever, 2023). By determine the ethical issues the companies are capable to enhance workplace culture, increase employee satisfaction and maintain legal compliance and public reputation which positively impacts the overall business operation of the business. It is crucial for the selected organization to promote the ethical practice because it helps in enhancing the workplace culture, better decision making and employee retention. For example, Unilever can implement fairness and justice approach to promote the ethical people practices. In this approach, the organization provide equal treatment to the employees ethically form which they feel motivate and encourage to do work.

According to Young, Hassan and Hatmaker (2021), honesty and integrity is considered as one of the key way to promote the ethical people practices. Unilever is also seeks to conduct its business operation with the integrity and honest. Unilever wants to promote the working environment that are safe and fair where all the rights of employees are respected and everyone can accomplish their full prospective (Unilever, 2023).Conducting the business operation with integrity and honesty is beneficial for the business because it helps in gaining the competitive advantage over the competitors. Companies with integrity help them to retain high value customers, enhance productivity, reduce employee turnover and make smart decisions which improves the business operations ethically.

Along with this, business with honesty and integrity helps in creating the favorable publicity, enhance growth and managing the errors (De Cremer and Moore, 2020). Maintaining the safe and secure workplace is another key way to promote the ethical people practices. For example, to maintain the safe and secure workplace Unilever is offering consistently safe operating situations which are free for health risks. This organization also builds the safe and healthy working environment to promote the ethical people practices from which the employees feel encourage and motivate to perform their duties and responsibilities. As critically argued byImburani, Ayub and Mwavali (2019), poor work environment of the business negatively impact the overall performance and productivity of the employees. Furthermore, investing in the people is another way to promote the ethical people practices. For example, to encourage or motivatethe employees, Unilever is providing competitive rewards and, proper support and good training. As critically said by Al Halbusi et al, (2021), investing in the peoples is ethically beneficial for the organizations because it helps in improve employee engagement, drive business growth, foster company culture, increase retention rates and enhance customer satisfaction. For example, Unilever can also adapt the right ethical approach to promote the ethical people practice. In this approach the company provides equal rights to the peoples irrespective of discrimination.

 Promoting the ethical people practices are beneficial for the organizations because it helps in create the culture where the workforces are feeling compelled to work. The organization which implements the ethical practices are capable to develop high integrity and become socially responsible. AsAngonga and Florah (2019), said, if the organizations are promote the ethical people practices then they develop a work culture and employee feel free from stress which makes them productive and feel happier. Additionally, build respect and dignity the workplace is one of the crucial ways to promote the ethical people practices. For example, Unilever is also treating its employees with dignity, respect and provide fair treatment. This organization ensures all the workforces are offered with the fair wages including total remuneration (Unilever, 2023). The employers of Unilever are maintaining transparent and clear system of management communication that facilitates workers to consult with the management. As per the view of Young, Hassan and Hatmaker (2021), it is crucial for the organizations to promote their ethical practices by respecting and provide fair treatment to the employees because it leaves less room for discrimination and harassment, reduce workplace stress, develop culture of learning and encourage continuous development.

It is valuable for the companies to promote the ethical people practices because the ethical responsible businesses are less disposed to disasters and scandals. They are more concerned about the any practices that have negative impact on the reputation and brand image of the business. As contended by De Cremer and Moore (2020), valuing diversity is another way to promote the ethical people practices of the business. Valuing the diversity in the workplace is beneficial for the companies because it helps in enhancing creativity, reputation, boosting employee engagement, reduce employee turnover, faster problem solving, attract new talent, increase profits and better decision-making. For example, to promote the ethical people practice Unilever is also focusing on valuing the diversity. To achieve the inclusive and equitable culture Unilever is eliminate the discrimination and bias in its policies and practices. The chosen organization also accelerates the diverse representation at its all leadership levels (Unilever, 2023). It is beneficial for the organizations to promote their ethical people practices by following all the ways because it helps in attracting outstanding employees, improving public image as well as foster positive workplace culture.

REFERENCES

Books and Journals

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