BTM0UTT Business And Tourism Management Essay Sample

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Introduction to Business And Tourism Management Assignment Sample

A tourist is mainly depicted as anybody who travels and resides in a particular place different from their daily life for a period of not less than 24hrs but less than 1 year (UNWTO, 2010). Different typologies mainly seek to classify the overall tourists according to their behavior, their attitude along with their reasons for travelling. Plog’s Model (1977) specifically classifies different visitors ranging from Allocentrics, Psychocentrics whereas Cohen’s Classification of tourists (1972) mainly categorizes them as particular types of explorers and individual mass tourists. Smith (1979) also specifically categorises tourists based upon the cultural involvement. This essay aims at looking at the way these theories relate to specific destinations and attractions. It will also evaluate along with describing the tourist type that best suited to the individual in the case study through the use of the personal travel experiences towards the Azores and discover how tourism businesses put into practice with theories in order to target the right tourists.

BTM0UTT Business And Tourism Management Essay Sample

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Discussion

Tourist Type Theories along with their connection towards different Destinations and Attractions

Tourist type theories mainly give a very important type of briefing about the conversion of destinations along with attractions for the different types of tourists. Some specific examples of the manner in which Plog’s Model and other types of models of the tourists mainly interact with the destinations are very closely discussed using Himalayas and Maldives as examples.

Plog’s Model (1974) is the particular theory that was specifically developed to help sort out tourists from psychocentric towards allocentric. They are different people who enjoy getting out of their comfort zones and normally select destinations which are not very typical. On the other hand, psychocentric types of tourists are very comfortably oriented and prefer destinations that will mainly provide comfort and also provide a familiar type of environment. “Allocentric tourist who seeks new experiences and adventure in a wide range of activities. This person is outgoing and self-confident in behavior”, while “tourist falling in this category is usually non-adventuresome. They prefer to return to familiar travel destinations where they can relax and know what types of food and activity to expect” (Plog, 1974).

The particular type of case of the Himalayas is a very good example of a specific place that mainly targets allocentric type tourists. This overall area is very famous for its specific difficult type of trails that climb within great elevation, and historic times. The particularly official tourism type of website of Nepal specifically highlights the overall appeal of these activities,

Based on VisitNepal. (2023), “The Everest region in Nepal is more than just climbing and trekking, it is a life-changing experience and some see it as a journey close to achieving Nirvana”. The trekking type of agencies along with cultural homestays within the Himalayas mainly provide similarity for allocentric tourists since the overall experiences provided unique and challenging type of experiences that appeal towards those looking for adventure and exploration (Holloway & Humphreys, 2022). This overall approach also aims to demonstrate the manner in which destinations apply tourist typologies in order to ensure that they get the right people within their places.

On the other hand, the Maldives is a good example of a destination which is focused on psychocentric types of tourists. Featured with luxurious resorts, white sandy beaches and other luxury services, Maldives is the safest and more predictable type of destination. Starting from the VisitMaldives (2023), “The Maldives, renowned for its crystal-clear waters, vibrant coral reefs, and mesmerising marine life, offers an extraordinary setting for fluorescent night diving”. The identified priorities of luxury, comfort, and leisurely type of activities mainly match the overall personality of psychocentric tourists since such tourists prefer safe, comfortable types of environments and are mainly drawn towards destinations that offer familiar along with predictable type experiences (Plog, 1974). This alignment helps the Maldivian tourism industry to address the needs of tourists that look for comfort and rest.

The knowledge of these typologies will enable destinations get acquainted with the tourists and the segment they prefer. For instance, the Himalayas use physical characteristics such as mountains and rocks and cultural resources to attract allocentric travelers in search of a new experience (Arcese et al. 2021). On the other hand, the Maldives market psychologistically targets the hallucinogenic need of psychocentric travellers seeking comfort in exotic facilities in a serene island.

It is evidenced that tourist type theories like Plog’s Model also show the process of how destinations can position their offerings in accordance with the tourist types. The Himalayas and the Maldives show the manner in which recognition of tourists’ typologies helps the destinations to successfully position themselves and adjust their offering, therefore meeting the needs of the intended market segment in the highly competitive environment of the tourism market.

Identifying the overall Tourist Type depending upon Personal Experiences

The concept of the tourist mainly contributes closely towards the overall understanding of individual tourists and tourists’ behaviours during the time of their travels. In this particular type of regard, the tourist of mid-centric type is most appreciative of the individual’s travel experiences. Mid-centric types of tourists mainly seek moderate risk and leisure which can be very perfectly described through the types of tourism within the Azores.

Type of Mid-Centric Tourist: Mid-Centric tourists mainly lie in between allocentric along with psychocentric, they are totally adventurers with some amount of comfort which as stated by Plog (1974). Seek a very balanced type of experience that specifically includes both adventurous type activities and very relaxing moments (Holloway & Humphreys, 2022). This is mainly in line with the purpose of travellers to travel and do so with the overall purpose of leisure as well.

Personal Travel type of Experience within the Azores: It is in this particular category that the Azores which is an archipelago island of Portugal that gives out a variety of activities that can suit mid-centric type tourists. Self-actualization needs are specifically met within travelling for particular adventure since the traveller mainly gets to explore the island’s mountains and forests. Comfort needs are mainly met since the traveller also visits hot springs along with beaches. As the VisitAzores (2023) website mentioned, “There’s also an island culture that’s distinct from life on the mainland. Since the first settlers arrived in 15th century, the islands have evolved into a rural community which strives to balance sustainable island living with the taming of a wild and volcanic landscape: four of the islands are now protected UNESCO Biosphere Reserves”. For this, the tourists of mid-centric mainly found this proposition very attractive as it mainly provides a mix of experiences.

Travel Behaviour: In the time of planning the trip, there was an exploration of trail activities and the desired natural type of landmarks which included the Sete Cidades caldera along with the Furnas hot springs. Such research done before the overall trip shows a particular preparation towards indulging within the risky type of activities. Mid-centric type tourists often conduct in-depth type of research for finding different type of destinations that mainly offer both excitement along with relaxation. As seen within the trips, the overall activities suggested mainly consist of exploring the volcanic type of area along with spending time at the beach and getting some amount of rest at hot springs, the individual is particularly one who eventually enjoys adventure and comfort.

Process of Decision-Making: Depending on the destination selection for mid-centric type tourists, it is very essential to mainly consider the available stimuli along with weighing the overall possibility for creating a particular combination of experience. Tourists today mainly seek diversified type experiences that require destinations to mainly offer a particular range of activities that specifically cater towards different types of aspects of their interests. The decision to go to the Azores had something to do with its ability to both offer adventure through the hikes and strengthening the places. On their return home, the traveller specifically observed the manner in which they gained much fulfilment from this kind of ideal trip which mainly confirmed to them of their mid-centric type orientation.

Tourist Behavior Complexity: Tourists’ behavior is very far from being simple since midcentric tourists, as the individuals in the study mainly consider various factors when choosing the destination. The process of decision-making involves assessing different factors like the availability of different type activities, comfort, and overall appeal. This is very well illustrated by the manner in which the traveler assessed the Azores within a particular bid to get a destination that would mainly afford physically challenging terrain and relaxation.

Conclusion

Here mainly conclude that fundamental towards market segmentation, it is very critical to familiarise oneself with tourist type theories namely Plog’s Model. Himalayas represent how destinations accommodate allocentric tourists by providing preferences of adventure whereas Maldives represent the manner in which destinations accommodate psychocentric tourists by providing preferences of comfort. Through the evidence of personal travelling to the Azores, the case of the mid-centric type of tourist shows that it is possible to have both fun and rest during a tour. This social proof enforces the theory of adopting tourist type theories while designing and marketing destinations in order to attract the required type of tourist. When employing these concepts, tourism organisations and enterprises can be in a better position to understand the needs of the travellers. These aspects improve their attractiveness and competitive position within the tourism sector.

Reference List

Journals

• Arcese, G., Valeri, M., Poponi, S. and Elmo, G.C., 2021. Innovative drivers for family business models in tourism. Journal of Family Business Management, 11(4), pp.402-422.
• Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (2018) Tourism: Principles and Practice. 6th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
• Holloway, J. C. and Humphreys, C. (2022) The Business of Tourism. 12th edn. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
• Page, S. J. and Connel, J. (2020) Tourism: A Modern Synthesis. 5th edn. London: Routledge. Morrison, A. M. and Buhalis, D. (eds) (2023) Routledge Handbook of Trends and Issues in Tourism Sustainability, Planning and Development, Management, and Technology. London: Routledge.
• Plog, S.C., 1974. Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. Cornell hotel and restaurant administration quarterly, 14(4), pp.55-58.
• Smith, V.L., 1989. Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Website

• International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/seriesm/seriesm_83rev1e.pdf [Accessed On: 06 September 2024].
• VisitMaldives. (2023). Official Maldives Tourism Website. Available at: www.visitmaldives.com [Accessed On: 06 September 2024].
• VisitNepal. (2023). Official Nepal Tourism Board Website. Available at: www.welcomenepal.com[Accessed On: 06 September 2024].
• The nine islands of the Azores (2024) Azores. Available at: https://www.azoreschoice.com/azores/ (Accessed On: 06 September 2024).