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Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disability of human beings that can create differences in normal cognitive power and learning. Taking care of ASD patients is critical for the specific needs of the patients. Based on that, this research highlights the process of care of the caregivers for the ASD-affected adults. On the other hand, the objectives have been included in the study that gives rise to the structured research questions. The research rationale has been included in the process along with the research significance. The research structure has also been incorporated in the study that highlights the study infrastructure.
In the United Kingdom, there is 1 in every 100 people that are suffering from autism, and according to statistical measurement, almost 700,000 autistic adults and children can be seen. Autistic people can have difficulties with non-verbal as well as verbal language and gestures with the tone of voice (Autism.org.uk, 2021). Limited speech provisions can be seen among autistic people and treating them is a very much sensitive aspect for the healthcare specialists, nurses or caregivers and the people in a community. They can appear insensitive and with strange behaviour to other people and sometimes this can be misleading for other people.
The major progress has been seen in the case of the treatment and care of autism-affected people and the caregivers along with parents have a great role in treating the autism patients. According to the lookout of the World Health Organisation, people are getting aware of autism disorders and they are characterised by some kind of difficulties in communication and social interactions. However, the prevalence of autism is rising in the current years and 1 in 36 children is seen to be affected with autism (Richter, 2023). A lot has changed in the United States in the past twenty years when it comes to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). One in 150 children had ASD in 2000, but that number will drop sharply to 1 in 36 by 2020, according to data that paints a clear picture. To put this number into perspective, almost four times the number of youngsters will be identified alongside ASD in 2020 as there were 20 years earlier (Escher, 2020).
Treatment and care for adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder are big problems for healthcare management (ASD). Even though people keep trying, they aren't getting the right treatment, especially when it comes to recognising and fixing these people's bad behaviours. Rogge and Janssen (2019) stress that caregivers use mental or physical limits to control bad behaviour. This brings up moral questions and stresses the need for policies that are based on facts and don't put limits on people. People with Autism Spectrum Disorder usually don't have good health outcomes, which shows how important it is to find complete and effective ways to manage their healthcare needs. To solve these issues, we need to look at research on the best ways to care for people with autism and work together to improve the health of this weak group. To meet this need, the study will look at how to care for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder, push for therapies that have been shown to work, and make healthcare management better in this area.
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Aim:
The main aim of the study is to identify the process by which caregivers provide treatment and care to adults with moderate to deep learning disability or Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Objectives:
To consider how caregivers comprehend the problematic demeanour of autism-affected adults
To find the best ways to diagnose and treat Autism Spectrum Disorder in healthcare
To estimate the procedures care providers operate to reduce the challenging conduct of autism-affected adults
How do caregivers comprehend the problematic demeanour of autism-affected adults?
What health interventions have been shown to help diagnose and treat Autism Spectrum Disorder?
How do caregivers fulfil the sensory demands of autism-affected adults in order to decrease behaviours?
It has been seen that the hospitals or the healthcare sectors that specialised in specific disorders use the “Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) study” for assessing the issues and level of disorder among autism patients. In the year 2014, it was seen that 16.8 of children in every 1000 or 1 in 59 children were diagnosed with ASD (Feldman, 2019). In that situation, the care for the children is not adequate and the care for adults is also not going better.
The precise causes for the increase are still unknown, but there are certainly a number of possible factors that could have caused it. There could be a connection between this and better testing methods that help find ASD cases more quickly and accurately. Growing knowledge and recognition of the illness may also be making more parents look for explanations for their kids. Changing social norms or external variables may also be involved, but more study is required to find out exactly how they affect neurological diversity. But it's important to remember that such an increasing number may not convey the entire storyline. It's still possible for kids to not get the help they need for ASD because they can't get to testing services or because it's hard to tell the difference between weaker types of the disorder. According to the propositions of McCormack et al. (2020), it has been seen that the situation of autism patients is so critical and confusing that the caregivers often do not understand their requirements. Sometimes, respite care services are needed for autistic patients that can help them to get help. The support groups in society can also help them to bring mainstream life.
The research is highly significant in contemporary times as the number or rate of autism patients is increasing and the treatment or care format is not known to the common people who can be very much challenging for the patients and their families. With the help of this study, the steps that are taken by the caregivers of autism patients and the process of understanding the challenging behaviours are also known. With this aspect, the patients can be made easier with mainstream life and that can be helpful for recovery. In the forthcoming life autism patients can also make progress with a basic situational trial.
Lastly, the fact that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is becoming more common in both kids and adults shows how important it is to learn more about effective ways to treat and care for these people. Misconceptions and a lack of understanding about autism make it more likely that people will not get the right treatment or handle their behaviour properly. This is a major problem that needs to be fixed. To personalise treatment, healthcare caregivers help figure out what autism's unique needs and challenges are. It is very important to understand how complex behaviours work, which emphasises the need for interventions that are based on evidence. An interesting way to control bad behaviour could be a "Restrictive Restraint Audit," which helps healthcare workers deal with tough situations. This dissertation looks at the problems with autism care, how it affects health outcomes, the research methods used, and the moral issues that need to be addressed to make treatment better for this weak group. The organised investigation in the dissertation aims to give insights, teach evidence-based methods, and improve the management of care for adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Autism disorder spectrum in adults is a serious issue to consider across the globe. Studying this topic can help a lot of people. A lot of new health and social care providers can collect a bunch of information from this study. More Autism-affected patients have been taken good care of properly after properly reading this study. In this part of the study the concepts, overviews requirements, and other related things have been discussed. The care and safe treatments provided by health and social care providers to adult Autism patients will be discussed. Three kinds of autism disorder treatment such as reactive, proactive, and active, have been highlighted. Restrictive restraint audits have been mentioned along with their requirements. The sensory needs of adult autism-affected patients have been mentioned. The necessity for fulfilling such sensory needs have been mentioned as well. This study has been based on secondary information collected from different sources. The Information collected might be a little old. Working with primary data could help improve the collected data. The data presented in this study has been exclusively sourced from reputable outlets, including Google Scholar, ProQuest and various online books. Key-word searching techniques are used to collect the primary data sources from the aforementioned online archives. This overall data collection approach understanding of the study's commitment to accuracy and credibility while harnessing the wealth of knowledge available through online academic resources.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental and neurological condition that impacts the way people interact with others, speak, understand, and act. As said by Kirby and Payne (2023), autism is also known as “spectrum disorder” because there is vast divergence in the type and harshness of signs individuals experience. As said by Divan et al. (2021), People of all races, genders, nationalities, and financial backgrounds can be detected with ASD. People with ASD may interact, share, interact, act, and discover in ways that are diverse from most other people Although ASD can be a lifelong illness, treatments, and assistance can enhance a person’s ability to restore daily functioning. As mentioned by Bradshaw et al. (2021), usually, children exhibit signs of autism within the first 12 months they were born. A slight number of children seem to grow naturally in the first 12 months and then go through a duration of degeneration between 18 and 24 months of their age when they start showing symptoms of Autism. Autism, a complicated neurodevelopment disorder, includes a wide range of problems with behavioral and interaction with others. Health care professionals are very important in knowing and meeting the specific needs of people with autism. How they see things affects how safely individuals in autism and moderately to severe developmental disorders are treated and cared for. Understanding the different ways autism shows up is important for making sure that treatments are effective. Educators need to learn to understand how others feel, use personalized methods, and keep up with new studies. Autism is a neurological disease which impacts people in a wide range of ways. But people with autism often have trouble communicating with others and do the same things over and over again. Experts' knowledge of the situation has grown, but healthcare professionals' views may not be up to date. Individuals may have out-of-date ideas or not be accustomed to different types of demonstrations, which could lead to wrong diagnoses, useless treatments, and missed chances to get help (Watkins, et al. 2022). To close this gap, people need to keep learning, work together with autistic people and their supporters, and understand that everyone on the autism spectrum has different skills and needs. Healthcare providers can improve the standard of treatment as well as the wellness of people with autism and related learning challenges by helping people appreciate things in more depth.
Top of Form
Healthcare professionals play a vital role in the identification, diagnosis, and continued support of autistic people across all ages, both in regard to autism itself and to physical and mental health. As told by Zhao et al (2019), To perform these duties, healthcare professionals need a good level of autism knowledge, in addition to showing faith in their skills and an open and supporting mindset to enable contact exactly to this population’s requirements. As opined by Kirby and Payne (2023). The current literature shows considerable variability in methods, actions, and outcomes, which is challenging to solve across disparate analyses. Examinations have not recognized any current assessment of the present evidence base. This study, therefore, desires to systematically observe and study evidence on healthcare professionals’ proficiency, self-effectiveness, and perspectives toward working with autistic people. According to the statement of Adams and Young, (2020), they help people in the development of their body language and communication ability. They also include some activities for people to reduce the signs of autism (Ying and Zhagan, 2021). A mindset towards autism scale permits researchers to differentiate between more general perspectives towards disabilities and typical perspectives towards autism.
There are mainly three kinds of autism treatment, Proactive, active, and reactive. The overviews of these treatments are discussed below. As mentioned by Pesonenet al (2021), the Proactive treatment of autism consists of giving clear and simple instructions, giving rewards for good deeds, descriptive praise, giving positive attention, visual support, etc. Providing visual support such as giving a red-green board, and a first-then schedule can help someone understand what’s coming next or the proper order of work. Also, as said by Green et al (2022), giving rewards after the completion of certain tasks can help in building interest also. Giving simple choices can help also. Giving simple instructions can improve their behavior. Encouraging someone and letting them know what they are doing well can help improve an Autistic individual’s behavior.
Autism care that is proactive thinks about what the child will need and helps them grow beforehand problems emerge. This could mean using early prevention groups to help kids learn social abilities, making sure their surroundings are safe for all kinds of senses, and giving them individualized help in school. Behavior modification (ABA), speech-language therapy, and physical therapy are all types of active care that deal with problems head-on. It aims to help people communicate better, do everyday tasks better, and handle difficult habits better. In times of disaster, reactive methods are important, but they emphasize handling breakdowns and instant security issues. In an ideal world, autism treatment would include a complex mix of each of them. Preventive tactics would support active measures, while reaction answers would act to be a cushion in case something goes wrong (Maguire, et al. 2022).
A whole-person strategy for treating autism includes prepared, engaged, and defensive methods. Anticipation steps, organized settings, and sense adjustments are all part of active tactics. Therapeutic and skill-building programs that are specifically designed for each person are examples of proactive treatments. Overcoming instant problems is what reactive measures depend on, like managing behavior and handling crises. Research like "Proactive and Reactive Aggression in Autism Spectrum Disorder" that look into these methods might be viewed on Google Scholar.
Consulting Psychiatrists or Licensed psychologists can help in the active treatment of Autism. In some circumstances, other certified mental health experts such as social workers may also deliver official ASD examinations. An official diagnosis may be needed to protect connected costs such as therapy through the health insurance provider. It may also help to prepare for governmental protections and agendas, though these can change by circumstances. As opined by Nuskeet al.(2023), a psychiatrist may also prescribe an Autism affected patient medication. This could assist to reduce symptoms of conditions like stress or depression, which occasionally happen with ASD. Social workers can play a vital role in helping autistic people. They may be friendly with local aids and self-help classes. Some social workers can deliver support as case managers, allowing them to encourage proper mental health and medical care. However, as said by Veselinovićet al.(2021), adults aren’t customarily offered the same aid as children with ASD. Sometimes adults with ASD may be treated with verbal, mental, and used behavioral treatment.
An individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may have a challenging daily routine and frequently fall ill. This part goes over the many reasons why the health of people with ASD is different.
2.4.1 Lack of Awareness and Understanding
Too few people in the community and in healthcare settings know about ASD, which makes it hard to find and help people with the disorder early on. To make things worse, most people, and social workers in particular, don't understand how Autism affects each person in their own unique way. Without adequate knowledge, it's tougher to create individualized treatment regimens that fit each person's requirements. This worsens health issues (Fuller et al. 2020).
2.4.2 Challenges in Treatment and Management
People with ASD, moderate to severe learning difficulties, and problematic behaviours may have trouble getting treatment. When people resist therapy, physical restraints or other measures may be required. Brede et al. (2022) recommend studying all kinds of restrictive constraint to balance care needs and independence.
2.4.3 Limited Access to Qualified Healthcare Providers
ASD patients sometimes don't get diagnosed or treated because they can't reach physicians. This delay worsens symptoms and health. Closing the health care access gap for early identification and treatment of ASD is necessary.
2.4.4 Social, Financial, and Daily Challenges
Many ASD patients don't be diagnosed or treated because they can't get medical help. Delaying therapy worsens symptoms and accelerates health loss. Closing the health care access gap helps ASD patients obtain early diagnosis and treatment.
Healthcare intervention strategies are being adopted across healthcare networks to promote awareness regarding Autism among the communities and healthcare workers. For example, educational training programs on Autism are being implemented within the healthcare settings where community members and healthcare workers learn the way by which they can detect the onset of Autism early. As mentioned by Richardson et al. (2020), they express unusual sensory release behaviours such as the avoidance of familiar sounds and textures such as vacuum cleaners, clothing tags, hair dryers, vacuum cleaners and sand. Jumping, crashing into things or spinning can be signs of sensory issues in autism-affected patients. As said by Melvin et al. (2022),constantly dumping food or cloth objects, continually chewing non-food items, communication difficulties etc. all can be sensory needs of autism-affected adults. As opined by Lakshmi (2020), understanding and adjusting sensory issues can reduce distress and improve chances for autistic people to discover, associate, communicate and experience in the community. Compromises might mean changing the surroundings, using instruments and techniques, or making new habits or practices.
The first question in this study focuses on the extent to which care, providers, possess an idea about autism and the impacts it has on adults. As mentioned by Wighamet al.(2019), mental health is still considered taboo in most countries despite the advancements in healthcare. This question has been specifically selected to highlight those beliefs or stereotypes that might have affected the care provision in certain ways. Extending from this question, the effectiveness of good beliefs might be explored. For example, as said by Raj and Masood (2020), even care providers believe that autistic-affected individuals have keen observation skills due to which they provide much more attention to details than others. This faith can be used to trigger a sense of responsibility in care providers due to which they work on how they could assist the patients in improving their learning skills, rather than focusing on their limitations. The second question aims to explore the proactive, active, and reactive treatments available for autism., this would not only provide an in-depth insight into the available treatment options for this condition, but it also provides an insight into further options that might be designed in the future.
Restrictive restraint is the forceful implementation of any form of treatment against the will of the patient or someone else. As opined by Wighamet al.(2019), these cases are more common when the patient is mentally unstable and when most healthcare providers consider them ineligible to provide decisions on their own regarding their treatment plan. Harmful acts where patients experience such events are to be monitored critically by the hospital authority, which points out the importance of audits. However, the literature suggests that audits rarely take place, which is why the third research question has emphasized this matter. As mentioned by Chiarotti and Venerosi(2020), autistic patients have several sensory needs that are different from patients with other mental health conditions. Care providers need to focus on these aspects specifically which is why the fourth research question has emphasized this context.
Understanding autism requires appreciating both the medical and social theories. Thinking models like the Humanistic-Existential Approach provide knowledge beyond medicalization.To understand how people with autism think and feel, Cooper et al. (2022) said that the "theory of mind" is a key part of mental health care. Philosophy and psychology are at the heart of the Humanistic-Existential Approach. This programme is good for people with autism and learning disabilities because it helps them grow as a person and find meaning in their life.
Humanistic-Existential Approach in Mental Health Care: This approach to psychiatry pressures how importance of understanding and accept each person's condition. This is especially true for people diagnosed with autism or serious brain problems. Health care professionals need to do something other than ease women's symptoms, according to Mitchell (2023). They also need to make a loving space that encourages liberty, respect, and individuality. Social workers are encouraged to give people the tools they need to make good decisions and build meaningful relationships with this method, which takes into account how different each person is.
Promoting Individuality and Well-being: The humanistic-existential technique helps persons with autism and severe learning difficulties discover meaning in their everyday lives, making them happier and more connected. This point of view stresses that we should value each person for what makes them unique, not just for their symptoms. Calleja et al. (2022) say that this method not only helps autistic people get better care, but it also lets them go to therapy, which is good for everyone's health.
Enhancing Interpersonal Connections: The Humanistic-Existential Approach says that social workers should pay attention to what each person wants, needs, and has to say. This method not only keeps healthcare alive, but it also improves care for people with autism and learning disabilities by creating a place where everyone feels valued.
The existing literature has focussed on the perception of care providers regarding autism. However, it has failed to highlight the perception of autism affected patients regarding what treatment option they would prefer. As said by Hof et al.(2021), people with mental illness are often deprived of providing opinions on their treatment. Although the previous studies have shed light on this fact, they have failed to investigate strategies that could be implemented to resolve this. Besides, there has been limited emphasis on ways to deal with behavioural challenges displayed by mental illness affected, especially autism affected adults. Children have been the chosen population in most studies, making it more difficult to search for appropriate articles.
The concept of autism and the ways care providers perceive it has been highlighted in this chapter. It has provided a clear view of the stereotypes prevailing about the disease and the impact they have on the patients. The proactive, active, and reactive treatment options for the disease have been highlighted, providing insight into the future aspects. The importance of audits to monitor restrictive restaurants has also been analyzed. Followed by that, the sensory needs of these affected adults have been investigated along with the necessity to emphasize them. This chapter goes into more detail about autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by trouble communicating with others and doing the same things over and over again. It looks at the different symptoms inside the continuum and the diagnosis factors outlined in DSM-5. It stresses the requirement for a more complex understanding to help those who have ASD.
This chapter goes into great detail about an important topic Autism and how health and social care professionals should handle the needs of adults who have this condition. There are a lot of different kinds of autism, each with its own set of problems. Some of the problems that people with autism face are trouble communicating nonverbally, trouble speaking that leads to repetitive behaviours, and problems with social skills. These subtypes of autism are affected by a number of genetic and environmental factors. People with these conditions are called autistic. In Chapter 3, the main goal is to look into and understand the methods used by health and social care workers to make sure the safety and well-being of people with autism, mild to severe learning disabilities, and challenging behaviours. This chapter uses a qualitative research method by looking at case studies and talking to therapists to learn more about the strategies and techniques that care providers use. We hope this will help people with autism understand the many ways they are helped and give them the techniques they have to live impartial, honourable lives.
The results of this study are very important for understanding how health and social care professionals affect the lives of adults with autism. The objective is to look into the complicated connection between people who provide care for autistic people and those who receive care.
Research Philosophy
The usage of the selected research philosophy is extremely accurate to get the required data and information about the care providers and their behaviours and procedures to cure autistic people. Here, the philosophy named “Interpretivism Research Philosophy” is purely accurate for this research study. “Interpretivism Research Philosophy” is extremely perfect in this study as this philosophy deals with subjective, multiple, and socially constructed. Figurative thinking was chosen as the research philosophy not just because the researcher likes it, but because it fits with the topic of the research. According to Douglas and Rice (2020), autism is a spectrum disorder that involves more than just certain behaviours. Additionally, it includes personal experiences, various points of view, and the meanings that society creates. Meaning that these things are completely in line with interpretivism. We need to start by understanding that autism is a subjective condition that involves more than one reality. As a spectrum disorder, it shows up in various ways in various people. Meaning-based approaches acknowledge that both people who care for people with autism and people who have autism have personal experiences. Getting more information about the problems and successes that come up when giving care is helpful.
Additionally, the philosophy's focus on social construction fits with the idea that autism isn't just a medical condition, but is also shaped by cultural norms, social interactions, and societal norms. Studying how autism is socially constructed, according to Babb et al. (2021), will help researchers fully understand how care providers deal with societal expectations, stigma, and cultural differences when they are with autistic people. Finally, interpretivism is a good way to clarify complicated ways in which autism impacts people's lives. Meaning-based interpretation agrees that it is important to keep track of how care providers and adults with autism interact with each other because it knows that human experiences can't be reduced to numbers. That helps us realise the mental, emotional, and social parts of caring for someone (Autismspeaks, 2023). The interpretivism research philosophy is not only a way to do research; it is also a choice that lets us look at many aspects of caring for adults with autism as a whole. Interpretivism says that research should be more than just looking at things. Instead, it focuses on differences, the effects on society, and how complicated human interactions are. These processes explain the complex dynamics of this important healthcare field.
Selected Approach
There are many ways to approach this study, which examines how caretakers affect individuals with autism. Researchers employ inductive methods. The inductive technique is needed to comprehend this complex topic. Inductive descriptive research works because it starts with particular readings and then understands data patterns. Because autism is multifaceted and each individual has unique issues and qualities, the inductive technique is flexible and open-ended. This strategy is great for developing new ideas, conceptions, and insights, according to Haine-Schlagel et al. (2020). Thus, it's perfect for studying complex topics. Inductive research allows researchers to obtain unexpected results, which inspires fresh ideas and creativity. For future inductive research in the area of health and social care for adults with autism, where theories or frameworks may be limited or not present at all, this method lays the groundwork. In stricter deductive frameworks, it might not have been easy to come up with new ideas, solutions, or ways to do things (Autismspeaks, 2022).
Using the qualitative study approach within the inductive research framework helps you understand the specifics of the research topic better. Speaking with health and social care workers in a casual setting can help you understand how they feel, what they do, and the issues they encounter. As Gentles et al. (2020) say, qualitative research is very important for understanding empirical studies and making them better because it tells us a lot about the people who care for others. Getting rid of negative ideas about people with different types of autism is also a big part of the inductive method. Giving care givers with different backgrounds and expertise an opportunity to share their experiences promotes understanding and compassion. Inductive research uses health and social care professionals' real-life experiences to debunk myths and help people understand autism with greater compassion. A lot of different kinds of health and social care for autistic people can be looked into with the qualitative inductive research method. For this group of people, it helps people care for them better and find patterns and insights.
Design
The "Descriptive Research Design" was chosen on purpose for this research project about how people who work in social and health care help autistic people. The tough subject for the research paper was a good choice. Autism is a confusing and broad-spectrum disorder because it has many types and symptoms. It needs a methodical approach that can handle all of its complexities and changing interactions between patients and caregivers (Hossain et al. 2021).
Comprehensive Understanding of Autism: Many people who work with autistic people don't understand it because each person with autism has their own symptoms and behaviours. "Descriptive Research Design" is one of a kind because it helps researchers learn more about autism. This design gives us a lot of room to talk about symptoms and how the doctor and patient interact. It also talks about problems that come up when trying to make treatment plans that fit the personality and behaviour of each person.
Informing Current Practices: The design changes the way health and social care are provided to autistic people now. Because it is descriptive, caregivers can write down specific details about how they do things. This gives us important information about how well current approaches work in different situations and helps us understand them better. Hossain et al. (2021) say that the descriptive method is useful for comparing and judging how things are done now.
Base for Targeted Interventions: The "Descriptive Research Design" is another useful method for making better, more targeted interventions. The design looks at care plans and how well they work. This helps researchers and practitioners develop autism-friendly therapies. This tailored strategy improves treatment and assistance for this population.
Effectiveness in a Secondary Qualitative Study: The secondary qualitative research plan works nicely. Müller and Donley discuss how descriptive research approaches in secondary qualitative studies may reveal a lot about the topic's concepts and factors in their 2019 study. Secondary qualitative studies have the same aims as "Descriptive Research Design." This design makes it simple to learn about autism adults' health and social care.
Proven Effectiveness in Providing Recommendations:"Descriptive Research Design" has a history of solid recommendations, proving its usefulness. This design exposes care techniques and their performance, helping researchers and clinicians make better decisions and improve care. The "Descriptive Research Design" works well for this study because it helps us help autistic people with their health and social needs. It helps explain the problems and chances of caring for this particular group of people because it is thorough and useful.
How do caregivers comprehend the problematic demeanour of autism-affected children?: Health and social care providers are highly trained professionals who are trained to help those people who are in need. In this study, the selected health and social care providers deal with adult people who are facing issues related to autism. The selected secondary qualitative study is extremely effective for studies like this. Here, the chosen Health and social care providers have shared their experiences and details about the patients they encountered previously. This study needs more subjective and descriptive knowledge about the methodology and procedure of the selected topic.
The shared detailed knowledge of multiple health and care providers can help other providers to gain more knowledge from the experienced ones because not everyone has a similar level of pieces of information about a disease and its symptoms (Parker et al. 2020). The “Interpretivism Research Philosophy” has a huge impact on this study to understand the clear concept of this study. This study is going to ultimately help the care providers from different zones to gain knowledge and observe different unique symptoms. The focus is on the description of each and every intricate detail of the chosen topic (Müller and Donley, 2019). It is also very important to understand the proper details and step-by-step process of the treatment procedure to cure the patients.
What is the interpretation of active, proactive and reactive approaches whilst methodically sustaining secure care and therapy in community domains? : There are multiple strategies which are available to provide proper cures towards certain people who are suffering from a certain disease or special condition. Here, in this study where health and social cure providers need to provide the required and relevant care towards adult people who are suffering from autism and need to have proper and versatile strategies for people having different kinds of autistic behaviours. Care providers can approach different cases with different strategies like Proactive strategy, active strategy and even with a strategy like reactive strategy (Smith-Young et al.2020). In the proactive approach or strategy health and social care professionals can provide care by using methods like - 1. Providing choices to the people as this will make them feel important and acceptable in their respective societies.
In autism, people have a constant urge to get multiple choices in their daily life chores. 2. Language training can act like magic to create a better lifestyle for these kinds of people. This language training helps them to communicate with the people of society in a better way so that people with autism feel secure and acceptable (Smith-Young et al. 2020). Many health and social care providers have shared their respective experiences and knowledge during this study through secondary data collection. Similarly, other strategies can be also used to gain knowledge about different patients and their challenges. All those experiences of the care providers have been studied here in this study.
How many caregivers operate a “Restrictive restraint audit” in their assistance? : “Restrictive Restrain audit” is a kind of auditing method which is used in the medical field. The Restrictive Restrain audit can be helpful for patients who are suffering from autism (Tchanturiaet al. 2021). Autism is a broad spectrum of behavioural issues which can be visible both in children and adults. Here in this study, the concentration is on adults who are suffering from different subtypes of autism. This audit method is widely popular among researchers and experts in the medical field to audit the concerned cases of their domains (Smith-Young et al. 2020). Here, it has been observed many health and social care providers are using this audit method to track the important details of their patients. The detailed information needs to be stored in the hands of the care providers so that in future they can use references of previous case histories to cure more complex and new symptoms.
Here, even though many experts and professionals did use this audit method to track the details. But a majority did not provide or mention anything about the usage of this selected Restrictive Restrain audit method. It is a secondary qualitative study and that is why it is extremely difficult to track back to those health and social care providers and ask them further questions to get more pieces of information. Here, the secondary qualitative method did not help the study but rather creates a barrier to finding out the full details of the case studies.
How do caregivers fulfil the sensory demands of autism-affected children in order to decrease behaviours? : Autistic people suffer from issues related to their behaviour (Müller and Donley, 2019). The encountered health and social care providers have shared multiple instances and experiences about their encounters with autistic adults. In this study, pieces of information have been collected through various means and it has been noticed that the usage of various methods like Repetitive movements, sounds, or fidgeting can help these people to improve their behaviour and communication skills.
Validity and reliability should be questioned in health studies until new treatments are found (Smith-Young et al. 2020). A study about a medical condition is reliable if it includes all relevant treatment and related details. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) is used in this study to look at what social and health care workers who have worked with autistic people have learned and said (Parker et al. 2020). The study has more weight since it includes CASP data on health choices, treatment methods, and success rates. CASP makes sure the process works, which lets us look into the problem. Qualitative and descriptive data help people get to know each other and come up with ways to help each other, which leads to better care for this complicated and varied group of people. When CASP looks at autism in depth, the qualitative method does a great job of capturing the full range of experiences that are needed to fully understand it.
| Criteria | Inclusion | Exclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Participants | Health and social care providers | Providers without substantial experience in autism care |
| Diagnoses | Adults with autism | Individuals without a diagnosis of autism |
| Learning Disabilities | Moderate to profound learning disabilities | Individuals without learning disabilities |
| Behavior Challenges | Challenging behaviors manifested in adults | Individuals without challenging behaviors |
| Experience | Providers with extensive experience in autism care | Providers exclusively working with other populations |
| Background | Diverse professional backgrounds | Those lacking substantial experience in autism care |
Table 1: Inclusion and exclusion analysis
The Inclusion and Exclusion table presents well-defined criteria for participant selection in a research study focused on health and social care providers delivering safe treatment to adults with autism, moderate/profound learning disabilities, and challenging behaviors. The inclusion of experienced providers with diverse professional backgrounds enriches the study's perspectives. Excluding those lacking substantial experience ensures a focus on professionals directly involved in autism care. Inclusion criteria specify adults with a formal diagnosis of autism, promoting clarity in participant selection (Finkelstein et al. 2021). The study's targeted focus on individuals with moderate/profound learning disabilities is appropriately detailed. However, defining the threshold for such disabilities could enhance precision. The inclusion of challenging behaviors aligns with the research goal, while excluding those without such behaviors maintains specificity. Clearer definitions or examples of challenging behaviors could enhance understanding. These criteria spell out the exact traits and requirements of the study participants, making sure that the research is focused and relevant on the observations and behaviors of social and health care workers who work with adults who have autism and related acquiring impairments.
Selecting the correct method for data collection is crucial to research success. Based on what the study is about and its goals, the "Secondary Qualitative Data Collection Method" is a perfect fit. Getting secondary qualitative data is important for this study because it needs specific information about how people with autism live their lives.
Rationale for Secondary Qualitative Data Collection: Choosing the right way to collect data is very important for the success of your research. It's a great fit for the study and its goals that the "Secondary Qualitative Data Collection Method" be used. This study needs specific details about how people with autism live their lives, so getting secondary qualitative data is important.
Addressing the Complexity of Autism: We need to look at autism in a way that goes beyond numbers and statistics because it is a disorder with many aspects. When researchers use this method to gather data, they can really get into the specifics of the condition. The method is a great way to learn about autism because it shows details that numbers alone can't.
Fostering a Holistic Understanding: It's a good idea to help people understand autism better by giving more weight to qualitative and descriptive information. We don't just look at the surface level of things with this method; we also look at how people with autism really feel. It keeps track of the tones, emotions, and background information that help us fully understand the condition and make researchers, practitioners, and the public more empathetic.
Informing Support Strategies: Getting qualitative data in the right way is very important for making plans for support. This technique helps us understand autism's requirements, goals, and challenges by studying real-life situations. This information helps tailor assistance programmes to each individual. This improves treatment and assistance for this diverse and neglected community.
Enhancing Quality of Care: Choosing the "Secondary Qualitative Data Collection Method" isn't simply about doing things perfectly; it suits autism's complexity. This strategy ensures that the research examines autism's whole, complicated lives, not simply data. The strategy leverages qualitative findings to foster empathy, guide support solutions, and enhance care for this diverse population.
Search Strategy: Even though the text response talks a lot about how important the data collection method is, it doesn't say anything directly about the search strategy that was used to find the articles. This would help people understand how the relevant articles for the research questions were found and picked out if there was a short paragraph about the search strategy.
Connecting to the Research Topic:
A strict and clear way to find the best research on this important subject is shown by the PRISMA diagram. Researchers made sure they got the best information on safe care for adults with autism, moderate to severe learning disabilities, and challenging behaviours by starting with a broad search and then narrowing it down by specific criteria. The keywords and inclusion criteria the researchers chose would have shown the exact parts of care they were interested in, like the kinds of interventions they wanted to look into, the places where care was given, or the results they wanted to see. The last 8 studies that were looked at would then give the strongest and most reliable evidence to help healthcare and social care providers figure out the best ways to help this group of people. In general, the PRISMA diagram shows that researchers care about quality and dependability. Researchers can draw stronger conclusions and give more reliable advice on how to improve the lives of people with complex needs if they carefully choose the most relevant studies. Researchers can use the PRISMA framework to help them do clear and organised reviews of the literature. Table 1 shows the criteria for what to include and what to leave out. In two ways, these criteria are based on PRISMA's ideas:
Identification (Screening):
Adults with autism, moderate to severe learning disabilities, people who work in health and social care, or people who have committed crimes before are all welcome to join. Following these rules is the first step in the screening stage of the PRISMA process.
The researchers used the study titles and abstracts to choose studies that might be useful for the care setting and group of people they were looking at.
Eligibility:
There will be people at the event who don't get along with others, have autism, work in health and social care, or have moderate to severe learning disabilities. These criteria are looked at in the screening step, which is the first part of the PRISMA process.
Researchers probably used this to sort through the huge amount of research that was out there and find studies that could help the people and care setting in question.
Following these rules during the PRISMA process helps researchers make sure that the studies they pick directly answer the question of how to safely treat and care for this group of people. This fits with PRISMA's goal of encouraging rigour and openness in systematic reviews, which will lead to more solid and reliable results.
Data Analysis
After performing the collection process, all of the secondary information may require to be interpreted and analysed to get a profound conclusion for this study. For this similar reason, after the completion of the whole collection process, all pieces of information will be analysed with the help of the “Thematic Analysis Method” by developing different types of themes based on the aim and objectives of the study. Based on the perspective of Müller and Donley, (2019), it has been observed that the main and worthy purpose of the “Thematic Analysis Method” is to recognise variables and develop themes for addressing both concepts and variables of a study.
Keeping ethical standards in mind is very important when doing research with people, especially when looking at people with autism. Following the "Data Protection Act" is very important because it gives people the right to ask that their private information be kept secret (Gov, 2018). In order to follow this law, participants from previous studies have not been re-identified. Only articles with full texts have been chosen, so that the authors are happy for their work to be copied or used again. Researchers who work with medical data need to be careful and store patient data anonymously, without names or addresses (Müller and Donley, 2019). Researchers should only go ahead with informed consent if they have permission to access information or ask patients questions. It's possible for information to be wrong, but this study uses secondary data from trusted journals, so the chance of mistakes is low.
There are many limitations while pursuing such secondary study which deals with pieces of information taken from other sources. Even though the pieces of information can be authentic bu6t the researcher of this study cannot ask more questions and get more pieces of information if the researcher faces any confusion about any of the points in this chosen topic. The researchers should be extremely careful while taking medical details from other’s primary research as primary surveys may have manipulated data about different points. There is no chance to select gather first-hand knowledge or to deal with actual real life case studies in such studies. It is a qualitative study which lacks factual data. There are no numerical data to support the studies which is the biggest limitation and drawback of such a study.
This chapter has discussed the results or findings of this study which have been gathered from previously published articles based on the study topic. This specific chapter has also demonstrated the methods and aim of those selected articles which are directly related to the given study topic. Around 8 articles have been selected which are directly associated with this study and demonstrate the findings of this study to get an imprinted conclusion or summary. After analysing those selected articles, those have been interpreted and analysed with the help of the “Thematic Analysis Method”. As a result, those selected articles have been interpreted and analysed with an accurate data analysis method and provide in-depth findings which is helpful for discussing the study topic in a proper way and developing this study in a good manner.
According to the findings of question 1 it has been observed that the health workers focus on the behaviour of the people in a society. If there is some imbalance in the communication system of some people, they conduct more research on them to find if they have developed the signs of autism. According to the statement by Gentles et al. (2020), the healthcare workers then communicate with their family members to find the time from when the signs of autism developed. As per the statement of de Leeuw et al. (2020), they help the family members in finding the diagnosis process of autism and help them to understand the requirement of treatment. The study that looked into how caregivers understood the difficult behaviours that adults with autism showed revealed a multifaceted approach. Health workers do a lot of research to find signs of autism by looking into how communication systems are out of balance. Working together with family members is a big part of not only diagnosing autism but also figuring out when it starts to show up.
From the finding of question 2, it has been observed that the health care supervisor makes inception in the form of an interview, performance monitoring and monitoring of social behaviour. This helps them to understand the main part of the country which has the maximum incidence of autism. In this way, they can collect data from the community and understand the specific part of the country that needs to be cured. Though the conduction of the data collection is time-consuming it is directly related to the heal care facilities given by the healthcare supervisors. These are needed in making all the strategies conducted in the proper way.
The study found that healthcare supervisors take a proactive approach, using methods such as interviews, performance monitoring, and social behaviour assessments. These strategies not only help find places where autism is more common, but they also help doctors know how to help specific people. Adding reactive strategies to healthcare plans makes them more resilient, so they can handle problems that come up out of the blue.
From the research, it has been found that the health care providers use restraint audits in order to know better the situation of the people suffering from autism. According to the statement of Shibuya et al. (2022), this type of diagnosis helps healthcare providers to gain knowledge about autistic people. According to the statement of Conyers, (2022), this helps them to gain more knowledge about the treatment process of the people. Adults with autism have complex needs that require caregivers to use methods that are different from the norm. Restraint audits are diagnostic tools that give important information about how people with autism behave. The information gathered from these audits helps medical professionals understand and treat autism, tackling problems within the time limits set. According to the statement of Agabani et al. (2022), the restrictions of the behaviour are needed to be observed and treated to ensure a speedy recovery. This helps the healthcare providers to achieve their goals in a certain time.
In the research, it has been found that healthcare providers help autistic people in regaining their desired sensory stimulation. For this purpose, they include some interesting thighs to make them respond to the treatment (Roșca et al. 2022). This helps them in improving team bonding among the people of their society. Healthcare professionals use a variety of methods, including fun activities, to help autistic people get the sensory stimulation they need. This includes activities that help them improve their body language, communication, and ability to work together in their social setting.
| Author | Aim | Method | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coleman-Fountain et al. (2020) | To explore barriers faced by UK healthcare providers when treating autistic young adults. | Cross-sectional qualitative and longitudinal study with purposive sampling; interviews with 171 participants aged 11–12. | Autistic adults without learning disabilities experience mental health issues linked to autism, exacerbating symptoms. |
| Beresford et al. (2020) | To evaluate the role of specialist Autism Teams in caring for autistic children and adults. | Mixed methods; 252 participants completed surveys to collect relevant data. | Specialist Autism Teams aid psychoeducation and diagnosis of autism in children and young adults in the UK. |
| Taylor et al. (2023) | To investigate the impact of primary care in monitoring and treating chronic illness in autistic children. | Experience-based co-design method; semi-structured interviews with adults aged 18+. | Primary care health checkups help reduce chronic illness and autism prevalence in young people. |
| Schwartz et al. (2020) | To assess the impact of tailored care and treatment on autistic children and young adults. | Primary qualitative research: interviews with 15 participants using open-ended questions. | Providing appropriate care supports autistic youth in managing chronic illness and improving quality of life. |
| Overwater et al. (2019) | To examine whether Everolimus improves autism symptoms and neuropsychological deficits in children. | Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; 60 children (IQ<80, ages 4–17) treated over 12 years. | Everolimus showed no significant impact on autism or cognitive functioning in children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). |
| Marino et al. (2021) | To assess the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on psychological well-being in autistic adults. | Randomised controlled trial with 34 adult participants. | ACT improved well-being in autistic adults; parent training and daily practice also supported behavioural improvement. |
| Valeri et al. (2020) | To evaluate cooperative patient-mediated therapy in preschool children with ASD. | Randomised controlled trial using low-intensity psychosocial intervention; 34 children aged 2–11 participated. | Therapy showed some benefit for social communication in children with autism, based on ADOS-G SC scoring. |
| Wood et al. (2021) | To explore the effect of Modular Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on autism symptoms in children. | Randomised controlled trial; 107 children aged 6–13 assigned to CBT or ESCT treatments. | One-on-one modular CBT reduced severity of autism symptoms; more research is needed on therapist involvement and long-term effects. |
Theme 1: Positive interaction and communication are major responsibilities of caregivers to assist autistic adults
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Caregivers in a healthcare setting are playing a crucial role in ensuring lead a safe and healthy lifestyle. As a result, all caregivers are able to provide proper treatment and care to autistic individuals for improving their health status. Based on the study findings, it has been observed that caregivers have monitored and tracked the health status of autistic children or young adults are helpful for overcoming this chronic illness. It has been observed that communication or positive interaction is crucial for mental health development among autistic children and young adults. In addition, it is helping those individuals to be more socialised and show positive attitudes and behaviours towards others. As a result, those autistic children or young adults are able to lead a normal and healthy lifestyle in the upcoming days. Based on the findings, it has been shown that caregivers are playing a crucial role in providing care and treatment (Beresford et al. 2020). Moreover, it covers all kinds of treatment and care for those autistic adults which is helpful for them to improve their lifestyle and health status. Individuals who are living with or suffering from Autism are required proper support for developing communication skills with the help of assessing a child’s communication level. Moreover, those aforementioned responsibilities are accurate and relevant for reducing the negative impact of Autism among all young adults in the United Kingdom.
Theme 2: Implementing social skill practices and Social Interaction are effectie procedures to minimise the challenging conduct of autism-affected adults
Social skills are helping all individuals in interacting with other individuals in the same community and reducing negative stress. As a result, those individuals are able to communicate and interact with others and it is motivating and encouraging them to lead a normal and healthy lifestyle. It has been evaluated that social skill implementation is an accurate initiative for caregivers to reduce the negative impacts of Autism among children and young adults. Besides, the findings have demonstrated that social skill group is offering several kinds of opportunities to autistic young adults for practising social skills which are helpful for them to overcome chronic illness (Taylor et al. 2023). Some adults and children on the autism spectrum are required proper assistance in learning regarding the process of acting or interacting with other individuals who are not living with autism. Hence, it is helpful for them to be more socialised which is assisting those young adults in improving their quality of life. In order to build up social skills by practising is helping to enhance participation in their community. As a result, it is supporting the outcomes such as friendships and happiness. It has been observed social interaction and socialisation are considered as major tools which are helpful for autistic adults in mitigating their learning disabilities which is also helping them to lead normal and healthy lifestyles.
"Autism Spectrum Disorder" is one kind of developmental disability that has been identified among individuals, especially among adults and children. This specific health issue is affecting an individual's cognitive and learning abilities. In addition, Autism is affecting the process of interaction, communication, and socialisation in the same community. As a result, they are not able to interact with others and suffer from anxiety or depression. According to the statement of Wood and Happé, (2021), providing care to Autistic adults is one kind of crucial responsibility for caregivers in terms of improving the quality of their life. Along with that, it is helpful for them to be more active and they are able to socialise with other individuals who are not living with Autism. Based on the findings, it has been observed that caregivers are playing a crucial role in providing proper care and treatment to autistic adults in order to assist them to overcome their critical health issues. Thus, it is helpful for them to overcome all those barriers which have been faced by autistic adults in recent days (Coleman-Fountain et al. 2020). Henceforth, it has been evaluated that caregivers are playing an essential role in improving their quality of life, and theta re able to overcome their critical health issues to lead a healthy lifestyle in the upcoming days.
The above figure depicted that the “Autism Prevention Program” is taking several kinds of initiatives in terms of reducing the rate of Autism-affected adults in the global world. As per the words of Vincent, (2020), it has been evaluated that “Autism Spectrum Disorder” has been considered one kind of developmental disability that has been caused by some triggering factors in the brain. Individuals who are suffering from ASD are behaving, communicating, learning, and interacting in several ways which are quite different from other individuals. On the other hand, as opined by Toseeb and Asbury, (2023), individuals who are living with ASD are not able to communicate or interact with other individuals in a positive way. As a result, those individuals are also suffering from depression and anxiety and they require strong mental support to overcome the negative consequences of Autism. Additionally, the study findings have indicated that caregivers are playing a crucial role in proving proper care and treatment and strong mental support to autistic adults for overcoming their chronic illnesses (Schwartz et al. 2020). In addition, the implementation of this program is accurate for adults in order to maintain some effective practices that are affecting the quality of their life.
Mental health has been considered as a major priority that has been identified among autistic clinicians and the community. In addition, all existing pieces of literature have indicated that around 20% of the total population is suffering from anxiety disorder and 11% are suffering from depression due to not being socialised and interacting with the community (Coleman-Fountain et al. 2020). Hence, some individuals have no chance to overcome this chronic illness. On the other hand, as opined by O’Hagan et al. (2021), most of the young adults are suffering from learning disabilities due to autism and they are not able to communicate and interact with other individuals which are affecting their mental health in a strong manner. Besides, the findings have demonstrated that “Social Skill Groups” is offering several kinds of opportunities for autistic young adults for practicing social skills which are helpful for them to overcome chronic illness (Morris et al. 2021). Some adults and children on the autism spectrum are required proper assistance in learning regarding the process of acting or interacting with other individuals who are not living with autism. Thus, it has been evaluated that implementing a social skill development program is accurate in terms of improving the mental health and reducing the level of stress among those young adults.
The above figure has illustrated different types of skills which are essential for adults who are suffering from Autism to improve their communication and interaction skills. Based on the perspectives of Wood and Happé, (2021), it has been observed that autistic adults are able to develop their conversation skills by interacting or communicating with others and in the same community. As a result, they are able to be more socialised which is helping them to overcome all negative consequences of anxiety and depression. Moreover, it is helpful for improving the quality of their life and they are able to lead a healthy as well as normal lifestyle (Beresford et al. 2020). Some adults and children on the autism spectrum are required proper assistance in learning regarding the process of acting or interacting with other individuals who are not living with autism.
The entire study has summarised that social skill improvement programs and socialisation have been considered as major components in terms of reducing the negative impacts of Autism among adults in the Global World. Individuals who are living with Autism have faced several kinds of difficulties such as being unable to interact, communicate and socialise with other individuals in the same community. Based on the above discussion and the findings of those selected articles, it has been observed that caregivers are playing a crucial role in improving the quality of life of all adults who are suffering from Autism.
In the part of the conclusions that are found in the research are discussed. In this study, the proper findings are mentioned. There are also some recommendations that have been discussed to make the objectives of the research more achievable. There are some benefits of the research that are appreciated. On the other hand, there are some limitations of the research that are mentioned here. The recommendations may help further researchers in the future. Thus people suffering from autism will be more benefitted in the survey. There is also some discussion of the findings relating to the questions. The topics that are found in the proper way are discussed here as well as the topic and factors not found in the research have also been discussed here. In the study; there are also some errors in the research that have been mentioned. Thus further researchers will be able to recognize the problems of the previous researchers and this will help them to manage the limitations in their future study. In this way, more specific data can be obtained in future research. In the last part of the conclusion, further recommendations have been discussed. The recommendations will help future researchers in developing the research information that will be more specific and more proper.
There are many people who show evidence of developing learning disabilities in the United Kingdom. The condition autism is also associated with impacting all the fields of social behavior, such as social interaction, and communication. This is very necessary to help people suffering from autism in maintaining their social life as desired. This survey is based on the findings of the research. This also relates to the methodology of making the problems decreased in society. This will help people to fight against autism. The health care workers find the field of research related to the condition like autism. Then they decided to find all the solutions that can be beneficial in the reduction of this condition. All the health workers helped the people suffering from autism to improve their social aspects such as communication, and behaviour in a desired manner. For this purpose, they had to make strong strategies to make their work more beneficial for the target population. Some proper teamwork had also been built to make the people feel more loved and cared for. This feeling will help them in improving their social life. Thus, the objectives of the workers become more effective and more proper.
In the study, it has been observed that healthcare providers have conducted their work in a proper and specific way. Many people affected by autism got benefitted from the proper application of the methods by the health care providers. They became able to build their social connections in an effective way. Though there are many benefits of the work there are also some limitations in the implementation of the strategies. It has been seen that the maximum number of people are not able to be treated as they live in distant places Ruggiano and Perry, (2019). It may be recommended to healthcare workers to make their working field larger in order to take them under the treatment method. There is also some problem in implementing the strategies with making the proper teamwork. Sometimes it has been found that healthcare workers become biased with the specific type of race and region. It has also been observed that there is also a lack of team-like bonding. This restricts them to conduct work from all over the country. The healthcare supervisors will not be able to reach their objectives. According to the statement of Bradshaw et al. (2021), health workers have to promote proper teamwork with the maintenance of a nonbiased environment in the organisation.
In future, the supervisors have to monitor the progress of the work on a regular basis. Along with these, they have to take the reviews of the patients and the family of the patients regarding the benefits and limitations that are faced by them during the treatment. This will help them recognise their limiting factors in the organisation. This will help them to treat future patients in a better way. Sometimes the supervisors are not able to conduct their work in the desired amount due to the gap in the proper communication between the workers and the patient's family. They have to make the patient's family comfortable enough that will help them in the discussion regarding the detailed information about the patient. As per the statement of Divan et al.(2021), this will help them in the treatment by making them known about the condition and limitations of autistic people.
If future studies, the new researchers may be recommended to conduct research on both primary and secondary data analysis in order to get the overall idea of the research topic. This will help them in the reducing the risk of further study on that specific topic to get the missing links of the research. This will also be helpful in the decreasing time that is required for further research. On the other hand, this will help to reduce the risk of the uprising of a conflict regarding the non-found data on the specific topic. Further investigation of the statistical information is needed to be discussed in future research. The management of the budget also has to be discussed in a proper way to find if they are trying to improve their facilities that were not achieved in the previous time due to the lack of financial sources.
The researchers have to notice the areas where the patients are visiting. There is also the need of collecting region-specific data ton new information regarding the effort of the organisation to reach a maximum number of people at a time. They have to notice the number of healthcare persons who are involved in the treatment of autism over the years. This will help in gaining knowledge regarding leadership management in the organisation. This can also be noticed by employee retention in the organisation. According to the statement of Seidman et al. (2020), proper leadership management helps to continue the workflow on a continuous basis. The improper management of the leadership will decrease the chance of proper workflow in the organisation (Savage et al. 2020). In this way, the organisation may become affected. Their objectives will not be achieved by the health workers. In order to reduce the risk, the proper analysis of the information has to be discussed. This will help the health workers in overcoming all the obstacles and maintaining the proper workflow in the health care organisation. This will be beneficial for the organisation as well as for the country in improving the social life of autistic people.
5 Years | DPhil
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