Health and Wellbeing Across Communities Assignment Sample

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1. Introduction: Health and Wellbeing in Communities

Health and wellbeing are central to the development of resilient communities and effective health and social care systems. Understanding the factors that influence physical, social, and mental health enables practitioners to design targeted interventions that promote positive health outcomes. This assignment explores key public health concepts, the role of healthcare practitioners, and the application of ecological models to analyse health behaviours, supported by current data and a focused health promotion campaign.

Sample papers and reference materials help students understand assignment structure and improve academic skills. Through help with assignment UK, guidance is provided while ensuring original work. The Health and Wellbeing in Communities Assignment Sample demonstrates structured analysis of community health and wellbeing strategies. These materials are intended solely for study and reference purposes.

1.a. Role of public health practitioner

The health and social care environment defines as a system that emphasize on maintaining health as well as treating sickness. The role of healthcare practitioner includes promoting healthy communities and behaviors by implementing required interventions based on the gathered health data. The reason of using health data includes effectively understanding community's health condition including rate of diverse diseases, their cause and symptom to plan a treatment or implement interventions.

1.b. Salmon's Ecological Model and its layer

The Salmon's Ecological model is developed to provide understanding and influence of human behavior at the individual, social as well as environmental level, the model used for health promotion. The three layers of ecological model significantly influence individual's health behavior. According to environmental layer, some individuals feels limited access to services, results in negative impact their health. In context of social layer, individual influences by friends and families to adopt bad eating style and ways of living to accept socially. Also, individual layer includes person's characteristics like age, sex, this feature influence health behavior.

One of the protective factors is considered as focus on physical activity while risk factor is unhealthy lifestyle that affects health. The report will outline current trends of public health in physical activity, obesity and child and maternal health. Also, it will outline a health promotion campaign.

2. Data

The public health data act as a base for healthcare practitioner to focus on taking appropriate intervention at the appropriate time to manage the rate of diseases and improve Health and Wellbeing Across Communities. The current data trends across different demographics groups within the UK is as under in regards to children's physical activity, childhood obesity as well as child and maternal health:

2.a. Children's physical activity

It refers to the physical activity or movement done by the children during leisure time, working at home, playing etc (Tandon et al, 2021). Physical activity is quite important to improve health and minimize chances of dieses.

In England, the proportion of physical active children at age 5 to 16 is 47.8%. As compared to year 2017-18, the proportion increase as it was only 43.3%

2.b. Childhood Obesity

It refers to a health condition where child has excess body fat. In other words, childhood obesity means having a Body Mass Index (BMI) More than or equal to 95 percentile for the children above age 2 and older. It is one of the serious health conditions among children as it result in greater health problems such as heart diseases, diabetes and even cancer. The increasing rate of childhood obesity is result of unhealthy living style, consumption of fast food, lack of exercise, physical activities as well as greater use of phone. There is greater need to overcome this health problem as it becomes a serious threat in upcoming years.

Based on the data from public health England fingertips website, it is evaluated that 22.1% children of age 10 to 11 years are suffered from childhood obesity (Department of Health & Social Care, 2025). The proportion was 17.5 % during 2007 which is increase to 22.1% in 2024. Furthermore, within the age group of 4 to 5 year children, 9.6% children suffered from childhood obesity which was 9.9% in 2007.

2.c. Child and Maternal Health

The child and maternal health concern with the wellbeing and better health condition of both children and mother, emphasizing on mother health during pregnancy and children health from birth to 5 years. In England during the year 2021-23 the child mortality rate was 4.1 per 1000 child. In 2021-22, there is increase in rate of babies born with a very low birth weight i.e. 2500 g. The maternal health is serious issue in UK as during 2020-22, 296 women dies during pregnancy or within the period of 42 days of the end of pregnancy (Maternal mortality, 2025).

In UK, women age group within 35-39 has a greater rate of maternal death as compared to women of age 20-2. In addition, women above age 40 have three times greater risk. The main and leading cause among the maternal death is thrombosis and thromboembolism.

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3. Obesity in Children

Children obesity is one of serious health issue concern with excessive fat that negatively impacts child health as well as wellbeing. In England, in 2021-22, 22.1% children suffered from obesity at age 10-11 while 9.6% suffered at age 4 to 5. According to Salmon's ecological model of behavior change outlined that several factors influence behavior at multiple level such as individual, social and environmental level (Salmon et al, 2020). Each level is interconnected correspondingly important intervention taken to consider the behavioral change in effective as well as efficient manner.

3.a. Individual describes protective and risk factors determining prevalnace of childhood obesity

The childhood obesity diseases is result of different individual's factor. The prevalence of childhood obesity is result of several factors.

Protective factors

• Healthy dietary habits and living style: The individual protective factor includes healthy dietary habits and living style. For instance, the eating of healthy food, nutritional items, fruits and vegetables result in making the child healthy as well as minimize the chance of weight gain (Magalhães et al, 2022). Hence, it acts as a protective factor for the health problem of the childhood obesity.
• Regular physical activity: Another protective factor for childhood obesity is engaging in regular physical exercise in terms of meditation, running, playing as well as doing motor activity. This leads to allow the children to burn calories, gain excessive weight correspondingly helps in overcome issue of childhood obesity.

Risk Factors

• Sleep distress: One of the risk factor for childhood obesity is sleep distress. In current time, the children remain engaged in the phones late nights, this leads to disturb their sleeping pattern and directly impacts diet am hormonal imbalance, result in gaining of excessive fat. Thus, it acts as an individual risk factor.
• Eating habits: The bad eating habits such as consumption of sugary drinks, saturated fat or sodium associated food result in gaining weight of the child. In addition, eating baked food, fast food, vending machine snacks, candy, soft drinks etc act as a risk factor for prevalence of childhood obesity.

3.b. Social barriers and facilitators that uncertain the prevalence of childhood obesity

According to Salmon's ecological model, there are several social barriers as well as facilitators that uncertain the prevalence of childhood obesity, it is as under:

Barriers

• Influence of friends and families: In current time, the families of the children become engaged in the bad eating habits such as consumption of sugary items, snacks and so more (Iguacel et al, 2021). This leads to have a great influence on the child in terms of avoiding nutritional food and eating unhealthy items as a result act as a barriers to decline problem of childhood obesity among the children.

• Increasing production of unhealthy food items: Another social barrier is greater production of healthy items in terms of snacks, candy, drinks, venting machine snacks and so more. The advertisement of the product influences the children to eat unhealthy things, results in prevalence of childhood obesity.

Facilitator

• Compliance with healthy schedule: When parents of the children and friends engage in following of healthy schedule then it acts as a facilitator of behavioral change among the children as well. It leads to motivate the child to follow a healthy schedule in terms of wake up early, doing regular exercise, eating healthy and nutritional food while avoiding excess screen time. This leads to influence habit of healthy diet result act as a best way for the solution of childhood obesity.

3.c. Environmental barriers and facilitators uncertain the prevalence of childhood obesity

Barriers

• Lack of access to healthy food: One of the social barrier that result in childhood obesity is lack of access to healthy good due to limited financial resources. The limited income make difficult for the people to get nutritional food as a result the unhealthy product with high sugar and sodium results in increasing weight of the children.
• Increase in fast-food outlets: One of the barriers in prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing the number of fast food outlets around the surroundings. Due to increasing demand of snacks, fast food results in greater number of fast food outlets as compared to the nutritional food outlet. This leads to influence children to develop unhealthy eating habits.

Facilitator

• Healthy promotional program: The government initiative towards implementing healthy promotional program that educate children and their parents with health diets, food and living style while explaining its negative consequences (Clayton et al, 2021). This act as a facilitators to being behavioral change among the children and parents results in minimize the health issue of childhood obesity.
• Availability of physical activity resources: One of the social factors to bring behavioral change among children is greater availability of parks, garden that equipped with different kinds of rides, sports space, playing equipment and so more. This facilitator leads to motivate the children to engage in greater number of physical activity, hence act as a best way to minimize rate of childhood obesity among children.

4. Health Promotion Campaign

In addition, the campaign encourages involvement of parents and caregivers to reinforce healthy behaviours beyond the school environment. By promoting awareness of balanced diets, reduced screen time, and regular physical activity at home, the campaign supports long-term behaviour change. This combined approach strengthens the impact of the initiative and contributes to sustainable improvements in children’s health and overall wellbeing within communities.

4.a. Health promotional campaign

The health promotional campaigns refers to a program that motivate individuals and communities to select a healthy lifestyle and behaviors and make changes that decline the risk of serious health issues, contributing to Health and Wellbeing Across Communities. The health promotional campaign plays an important role in creating awareness, promoting health outcome via influencing healthy behavior, leading to healthier society with less threat of serious health problem (Ghahramani, de Courten and Prokofieva, 2022). One of the health promotion campaigns for increasing physical activity in children is “Become active through sport”. It is a campaign that focuses on collaboration within the schools and sports club, influence active participation of children in physical activities. The campaign make mandatory for the schools to allot one hour a day for sporting activity including different sports such as running, football, cycling as well as other forms of activity including gymnastics, martial arts etc. In addition, the campaign includes organizing a sport event in a month to motivate as well as influence the children interest towards the greater physical activity. Such a campaign plays an important role in making children's life healthy as well as keeping them away from the unhealthy lifestyles and diseases such as obesity.

The objective of the campaign is to increase physical activity in children as well as engage them in a healthy life-style. The campaign targets school level children with the aim of increasing physical activity while overcoming health condition associated with the chronic diseases. The campaign not only makes children active but also aware them with the benefits of physically active so that they can motivate other people associated with them. Hence, “Become active through sport” campaign is helpful in increasing physical activity among children in significant manner. The campaign makes the children active in the sports at the young age which allows them letter and in future also to remain engaged in the physical activity, this leads to help in decline overall obesity level, heart diseases and further health related problems.

4.b. One focused level

During designing of the health promotional campaign greater focus given upon the social level to brings behavioral change among the children. The social level includes bringing behavioral change via the friends and families as well as making relevant rules and routines. The focus on the social level allows in directly influence the behavior of the children in terms of making rule of one hour for the sport activity. In addition, the level includes bringing change in behavior by motivating and influencing children via explaining the associated benefits of the campaign or increasing physical activity among the children.

Conclusion

To sum up all, it has been concluded that health and social care play an important role in enhance better health outcome. From the report, it is evaluated that in 2023 within England the rate of childhood obesity is 22.1% in 10-11 age and rate of physical activity is 47.8 % among age 5 and above. Further, the report highlighted that healthy diet and greater physical activity is protective factor of childhood obesity at individual level according to Slalom’s ecological framework. In addition, healthy promotional program and availability of green spaces is facilitator at an environmental level. The report also outline a health promotional program namely “Become active through sports” to increase physical activity among children. It is collaboration between sports club and schools to enhance physical activity.

References

• Clayton, P., Connelly, J., Ellington, M., Rojas, V., Lorenzo, Y., Trak‐Fellermeier, M.A. and Palacios, C., 2021. Facilitators and barriers of children's participation in nutrition, physical activity, and obesity interventions: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 22(12), p.e13335.
• Ghahramani, A., de Courten, M. and Prokofieva, M., 2022. The potential of social media in health promotion beyond creating awareness: an integrative review. BMC public health, 22(1), p.2402.
• Iguacel, I., Gasch-Gallen, A., Ayala-Marin, A.M., De Miguel-Etayo, P. and Moreno, L.A., 2021. Social vulnerabilities as risk factor of childhood obesity development and their role in prevention programs. International journal of obesity, 45(1), pp.1-11.
• Magalhães, P., Vilas, C., Pereira, B., Silva, C., Oliveira, H., Aguiar, C. and Rosário, P., 2022. Children’s perceived barriers to a healthy diet: the influence of child and community-related factors. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), p.2069.
• Salmon, J., Hesketh, K.D., Arundell, L., Downing, K.L. and Biddle, S.J., 2020. 17 Changing Behavior Using Ecological Models. The handbook of behavior change, p.237.
• Tandon, P.S., Zhou, C., Johnson, A.M., Gonzalez, E.S. and Kroshus, E., 2021. Association of children’s physical activity and screen time with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA network open, 4(10), pp.e2127892-e2127892.

Online

• Department of Health & Social Care. 2025. Online. Available through: < https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/child-health-profiles/data#page/1>
• Maternal mortality. 2025. Online. Available through: <https://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/mbrrace-uk/data-brief/maternal-mortality-2020-2022 >