Second Language Acquisition Assignment Sample

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Introduction

The second language acquisition is defined as a term which includes learning the non native language after the first language. Making tea child learn the second language is very necessary as in improves the communication and thinking capability of the child. The current discussion will outline the critical literature review relating to the second language acquisition and its related aspect. The current study will majorly focus on the age factor with affects the second language acquisition. It will outline the role of the age which place within the second language learning and how helpful the age is in order to ensure effective learning.

Main Body

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Concept of second language acquisition

In the views of Dewaele and Li (2020) the second language acquisition is a very wide term which relates to gathering knowledge of the non native language after the first language. For instance the person belongs to the UK then the first language or the native language is English and when they learn any other language then it is stated as second language acquisition. This is particularly necessary because the person cannot live by just speaking their own native language. It is necessary for the person to have the knowledge of other languages as well. Thus, for this the compliance with the effective second language learning is very important. In addition to this the second language is a type of language which plays a crucial role within the institutional and social functions of the country as well. After the native language the second language is only preferred by the country as well and it assists in effective communication between the people.

On the other hand, A’zamjonovna and Murotovna, (2023) criticised that the main factor which assists or motivates the second language acquisition is the language input and what the learner receives. Many a times the learners are becoming more advanced and as a result of this they tend to learn the second language. The proper knowledge of second language is very necessary for the student to have. In case they will not have knowledge relating to the second language then it can affect the professional career and personal life as well. Hence, for the students it is very necessary that they effectively comply with the different second language acquisition so that they can learn the different languages as well which non native to them are.

On the contradictory note, Broad, (2020) stated that second language acquisition is a type of process which assists the person in learning the language other than their native language. It can be used to describe learning any kind of the language after the early childhood age where in the child is well acquainted with the first language or the native language. The second language acquisition can only be implemented after the person has proper knowledge of the native language. For instance, when a person is having complete knowledge of the native language then only they can learn the second language. The reason underlying the fact is that when the person is not having proper knowledge of the native language then they are not in a position to learn another language. Thus, for this it is very necessary that the person is well acquainted with the native language and is in position to learn another language.

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Importance of second language learning

According to the views of Zhang, (2020), learning the second language is very necessary for the success of the person. Whether be it personal life or the professional life having second language knowledge is very necessary. The most common benefit or importance of complying with the second language learning is the better career prospects. When the person is having wide variety of language then it will provide a competitive advantage to them. This is particularly because of the reason that when person will be having more language knowledge then the companies will like to recruit such kind of people. Thus it assists the professional career of the person and will develop it and will also help in the academic development as well. The reason behind the fact is that when the student is having knowledge of variety of language then it is a competitive advantage to them. It is because of the reason that when the effective knowledge of variety of languages is present within the person then it will help in developing their academic working as well.

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On the other hand Li, Hiver and Papi, (2022) criticized the fact that major importance of learning the second language is that it improves the memory and enhances Creative Thinking. The reason underneath the fact is that when the student focuses on learning different languages then it helps them in improving the overall working. Thus, as a result of this the thinking capability and innovating capacity of the person increases. Resultantly, the overall development of the person takes place and it improves the memory and learning capability. Furthermore, when the student will be working on different languages then it will help them in improving their memory because in other languages the meaning of some words is different and by remembering it the person is in position to enhance their memory. Hence, it will help the student in improving the memory and will also foster the creative and innovative thinking within them.

Role of age in second language acquisition

With the analysis it is evident that learning the second language is very important. Within this learning, the age plays a crucial role in adapting to the second language acquisition. In support of this Hwang (2023) states that the reason underlying the fact is that when the person is young then they has more capability of learning the new language easily. Thus, within the second language learning or acquisition the age plays of crucial role. When the learner is young then they are in a better position to learn the new and advanced working. On the other hand when the adults are trying to learn the second language then it is little difficult for them. In addition to this, many of the studies has also evaluated that age is a major factor which exist in determining the fact that whether the learner is in position to learn the second language or the foreign language or not. For the success of the person it is very necessary that they effectively comply with the second language learning process so that they can easily learn language. Similarly when the person doing learning is young then they will be in a better position to learn the things easily and clearly. On the other hand when the adults or elderly people are trying to learn the second language then it will be little difficult for them to learn. Hence, as a result of this they can find the different use while learning. Thus, it can be stated that for learning the second language it is very necessary for the person to start it within the appropriate age. In case the person starts learning after the middle age then it will be difficult for them to develop their understanding and learning in direction of language.

In addition to this Boudadi and Gutiérrez-Colón, (2020) stated that the influence of starting age is more effective on the second language acquisition. This is particularly because of the reason that when the person is at the initial stage then they are more active and ready to adapt to any of the changes easily and effectively. Thus, learning the second language during this early age is very beneficial for the person. The reason underlying the fact is that at the early age the child is more enthusiastic and eager to learn the new things. This learning the new language at the early age will be beneficial for the child. In addition to this when the child is at the early age then they are easily adaptable to the changes and they do not resist any kind of the change. On the other hand, people belonging to the middle age group are resistant to change that are they are not easily accepting the change. Thus, it can affect the learning capability of the person and they are not in a position to learn effectively. Hence it will result in delay in the learning and as a result of this the intended outcome will not be attained easily and effectively.

In the views of Abdullaev, (2021) age includes the cognitive factors which affect the learning capability of the person to a great extent. When the person is young than the cognitive factors are more strong and the brain elasticity and the critical thinking skill of the person is much more active as compared to the elder person. Thus, it affects the learning capability of the person to a great extent. Hence for the effective second language acquisition the age needs to be young so that the effective learning can be implemented. Moreover when the person is young then they are more adaptive to any kind of sudden change. Hence, it will not create any issue within the learning process and will be helping the person in learning effectively. Furthermore when the person is much younger than the pronunciation and motivation level is also high. Thus, it will help in second language acquisition and resultantly the outcome will be more effective. Furthermore, with the evaluation it is evident that when the person is elder then it makes it difficult for them to learn the new things. They tend to follow the same working pattern and as a result of this overall working efficiency is affected.

On the other hand Preston, Bayley and Escalante, (2022) argued that when the age is not much focused by the student or the learner then it can affect the efficiency of the learning as well. The reason behind the fact is that according to the age the maturity of the person is decided. In addition to this the critical period hypothesis in the language to learning is also necessary to be evaluated. This is particularly because of the reason that many a times the biological issues affect the learning capability of the person to a great extent. There is a possibility of the existence of ceiling within the second language learning. Thus, it is necessary for the person to effectively evaluate the period of learning and as a result of this the overall learning capability of the person is affected. Hence, when the person is young aged and is learning the second language then it will be helpful for them to effectively learn the new language (Second Language Acquisition, 2024). On the other hand, when the person is old and is trying to learn the new aspects relating to second language then it would be really difficult for them to learn the new changes. Moreover the environment keeps on changing and as a result of this there are also changes within the language. Thus, it is difficult for the older people to timely research with in the market related to the changes and adapt to these changes. On the other hand the younger people are more active in evaluating these changes and implementing all the relevant changes into practice.

With the evaluation of the above chart it is evident that the people belonging to the early age group are better as a second language learner. This is particularly because of the reason that it is necessary that when the person is at young age group then only they are provided with the knowledge of the second language. This is particularly necessary because at the early age group they are more active and they tend to keep the learning for life. With the chart it is evident that the people belonging to age group of 6-12 are having the highest learning towards second language acquisition. On the other hand, as the age increase the number of participants is zero for the second language acquisition. Thus, it is clearly evident that age plays a crucial role within the effective learning of the second language. When the person is young and belongs to early childhood then they have more capacity to learn the second language as compared to the later age.

In addition to Godfroid, (2022) stated that this language is a stream which requires practice and practice for keeping the learning effective. Thus, when the person is at early age then only take can practice it effectively. On the other hand, when person is elder and they try to practice the same thing again and again then they will not be in a position to conduct it. Hence, as a result of this the learning second language will be difficult for them. It is very necessary that the second language is provided at the early age only. This is particularly because of the reason that when the child is younger than they can take more advantage of the neuromuscular mechanism and as a result of this the language can be learnt easily. On the other hand when the people grow within age the neuromuscular mechanism reduces and the ability to learn and remember things reduces. Thus, Dewaele and Li, (2020) stated that it is very beneficial for the person that they learn the second language acquisition at the early age only so that they can remember the concepts for the whole of the life and can be applied easily effectively. In addition to this the physical capability of the person is better in early age as compared to the older age. Learning the second language within the early age will be beneficial for the person as compared to the situation when they will learn it later. Hence, compliance with the second language acquisition within the early age will be more beneficial to the person. Along with this during the early age the person is more adaptive and reactive. Thus, as a result of this they will adapt and react to the second language easily and effectively.

CONCLUSION

In the end, it is concluded that second language acquisition is defined as learning the non native language after learning the native language. For the person to be successful it is very necessary that other than native language they are acquainted with more of the other languages. This is necessary for the reason that it will help the person in developing their knowledge relating to the second language. The above study highlighted that importance of learning second language includes developing career prospects, enhancing memory and creative thinking and many other different importance. It also evaluated that age plays a crucial role within the acquisition of second language. Thus, is stated that when the second language learning is implemented in early age then it is more beneficial as compared to the old age learning.

References

Books and Journals

• A’zamjonovna, Y.S. and Murotovna, K.M., 2023. Second Language Acquisition. Miasto Przyszłości, 31, pp.5-8.
• Abdullaev, Z.K., 2021. Second language learning: Issues and implications. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 10(4), pp.824-827.
• Boudadi, N.A. and Gutiérrez-Colón, M., 2020. Effect of Gamification on students’ motivation and learning achievement in Second Language Acquisition within higher education: a literature review 2011-2019. The EuroCALL Review, 28(1), pp.57-69.
• Broad, D., 2020. Literature Review of Theories of Second Language‎ Acquisition. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 7(1), pp.80-86.
• Dewaele, J.M. and Li, C., 2020. Emotions in second language acquisition: A critical review and research agenda. Foreign Language World, 196(1), pp.34-49.
• Godfroid, A., 2022. Hypotheses about the interface between explicit and implicit knowledge in second language acquisition. In The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition and psycholinguistics (pp. 294-307). Routledge.
• Hwang, H., 2023. Wanna contraction in first language acquisition, child second language acquisition, and adult second language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, pp.1-12.
• Li, S., Hiver, P. and Papi, M., 2022. Individual differences in second language acquisition: Theory, research, and practice. In The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition and individual differences (pp. 3-34). Routledge.
• Preston, D.R., Bayley, R. and Escalante, C., 2022. Variation and Second language acquisition. Variation in Second and Heritage Languages: Crosslinguistic perspectives, 28, p.1.
• Zhang, X., 2020. A bibliometric analysis of second language acquisition between 1997 and 2018. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(1), pp.199-222.
• Online
• Second Language Acquisition. 2024. Online. Available through: < https://sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/second-language-acquisition#:~:text=Definitions,in%20a%20formal%20classroom%20setting.>
• Age of second language acquisition. 2024. Online. Available through: <https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Age-of-second-language-acquisition_fig1_343591926>