This content outlines a group-based physical exercise programme designed for adults with early to mid-stage Parkinson’s disease. It highlights how targeted exercise improves mobility, balance, and social wellbeing while reducing isolation and fall risk.
Parkinson is a progressive nervous system disorder that caters to the motor symptoms including, bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability. This physical exercise class is appropriate for individuals at early to mid-stage of PD as it involves considerable mobility. The primary functional deficits include balance issues, walking issues and impaired mobility as well as the propensity for falls. The targets clients include any community living adult of 60 years and above who can move within the community with or without aid of a walking aid. A positive aspect of the care of this population is that group interventions assist to enhance physical mobility, decrease in loneliness and cause increased motivation due to group support and everyone’s similar condition.
9 Years | MSc
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There will be 6-8 learners in the class and the lesson plan will include warm-up that lasts for 10 minutes, main activities that will take 30 minutes and the last 5 minutes would be devoted to cool-down. There will be two sessions for each week with the sessions lasting for 45 minutes and the total number of sessions will be eight.
The main content was balance training (tandem stance and stepping) functional mobility using sit-to-stand and crossing obstacles and lower limb strength using squats and step-ups. In order to challenge the individuals’ postural control and coordination in dual-tasking and direction changes, dynamic exercises are recommended.
The exercise prescription that will be done will adhere to the FITT model, 2 sets of 10-15 reps for each exercise will be done at moderate intensity of 3-4 on the rating of perceived exertion scale (Li, Cao and Li, 2024). The types of progressions include either decreasing the base of support and/or adding tasks with cognitive demands. The mothers learn how to use regressions such as chair support and this involves increasing stability.
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The class will be conducted at a community rehab centre where one is usually allowed to use mats, resistance bands, chairs, and cones. Two people will lead a session for a group to monitor safety and also give those who need more adaptation some attention. The surroundings should be calm, ill-illuminated and without obstacles that may lead to accidents or distract the learners.
It is crucial to address two main concerns when exercising persons with Parkinson’s disease; falls, fatigue, and cardiovascular complications. The screening process will involve the use of PAR-Q as well as the fall history to test the participants before the exercise. All participants who have hypertension or history of cardiac event within the past 6 months will be excluded and advised to seek medical cheque up before participation in the study.
It will not have floors that are slippery, no glare on its surfaces and no protruding objects or structures in those areas. To maintain suitable supervision, one staff is provided for every four participants; all the times, a physiotherapist and an assistant (Prieto, Norris and Columna, 2021). Appropriate measures shall be taken, including first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills among the human resource.
Individualised corrective actions and modifications will be made about the exercises with clear and progressive and regressive sequences. For instance, if a participant has issues with single-leg stance, it may commence such tests with supported weight shifts. Thinking it over, the changes will take into account further fatigue levels and proper intervals for rest. They will be required to exercise at a chosen level of perceived exertion which ranges 3 to 4 on the Borg RPE scale.
Parkinson’s disease is caused by dementia of the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra that results to deficit in motor planning, slowness of movement, and postural imbalance. They cause disability, fall incidences, and decreased quality of life. Specific exercise therefore helps to address motor complaints and improve functional outcome by means of neuroplastic changes, motor relearning and cardiorespiratory conditioning.
The review of the literature shows that aerobic exercise increases mobility, balance and gait skills in the PD. In practical studies of treatment of PD noted a systematic review, carrying out balance training reduces the risk of the falls by the patient (Ge et al., 2024). The Parkinson’s Foundation (2022) has stated that patients should engage in moderate-intensity exercise for about 45 minutes at least 2-3 days in a week to help them manage the impact of Parkinson’s and slow down the worsening of the symptoms.
The group format fosters motivation and adherence through peer support. A randomised controlled trial has indicated that McGinley and Nakayama, (2024) discovered that the participants ‘group dance therapy positively impacted balance and mobility of people with PD. Other benefits of the group classes are psychosocial adjustment because participants are no longer feel socially isolated.
Every clinical guide such as NICE (2022) and Physiotherapy Guidelines for Parkinson’s disease indicate that task-specific, Progressive balance and gait training be embraced for individuals with Parkinson disease. The design also complies with the WHO concept of Rehabilitation 2030 that focuses on community based and person centeredness.
The primary goal of this type of group exercised is to increase balance and mobility of clients with early to mid-stage Parkinson’s disease and a decrease in falls. Other benefits of PNF relate to development of strength of lower limbs, improved stability particularly of gait and better confidence in mobility (Arya, 2023). Overall, this approach of exercising in a group will help one to have improved mood, less anxiety, and therefore quality of life (QoL).
Thus, to assess the impact of the class, it would be necessary to employ utilitarianism based on outcome research. These tools include the Berg Balance Scale that measures balance, the Timed Up and Go that measures the functional mobility, the 6-Minute Walk Test that establishes the endurance and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale that follows an assessment on balance confidence.
Conclusion
This group exercise class is an effective treatment with empirical evidence for adults with Parkinson’s disease, focusing on basic motor skills including balance and movement. It offers functional progressive skill practise and professional supervision to promote functionally-based recovery and social engagement. The class therefore seeks to achieve the need to foster independence, reduce the risk of falling, and generally improve the health and quality of life of the patients.
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