2183 Contemporary Issues in Food and Nutrition Assignment Sample

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Introduction - Contemporary Issues in Food and Nutrition

Obesity is expounded as that condition which led to excess accumulation of fat in the body (Lingvay et al, 2024). Cases of obesity among 18-50 years old male and female increasing to greater extent in UK and imposing significant risk related to multiple health complications that associates with Type 2 Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Heart Failure and many more complexities (Obesity cases in UK, 2023). Students working on this report can benefit from assignment help writing to critically evaluate weight management strategies effectively. It is pivotal to undertake weight management strategies’ so that severity of the complexities can be reduced. The statistical estimation has revealed that; 29% of the adults [Aged 18-50] in UK suffering from obesity; this proves to be such a huge estimation which requires to be focused out and appropriate measures are needed to be taken (Obesity cases in UK, 2023). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among this age group consistently rising, specific emphasis on weight management strategies should be implied so that cases of obesity can be reduced and Quality of Life [QoL] in individuals could be enhanced to greater note (Safaei et al, 2021). The present report will be based on critically evaluating two weight management strategies; dietary [Keto] and medical [Liraglutide Injection]. The potential impact of both the weight management strategies on selected population group will be determined and comparison between both the strategies would be made. Furthermore, critical analysis of media coverage and retailing strategies in context of obesity will be done.

Weight Management Strategies

Dietary weight management strategy – Ketogenic Diet [KD]

Obesity reaching epidemic proportion among 18-50 years individuals leading to number of risk factors associates with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Keto diet has already gained massive popularity due to its effectual results in weight management journey, rapid results of keto diet influencing healthcare professionals to involve this in their practices (Busetto et al, 2024). KD comprehends with decreasing carbohydrate intake and it has been replaced with fat-rich food. Primary mechanism of weight loss within keto diet entails with production of ketones as it acts as an alternative source of energy. Findings have shown that by adhering with keto diet adult can loss their weight approx. to 12.5 kg within 16 weeks (Loos and Yeo, 2022). This diet performs action by depleting the body for sugar reserves and as a result, it results in breaking down the fat. This led to production of molecules known as ketones and body uses it as a fuel. Thus, when body burns fat then this ultimately results in losing of weight. Obese people need to burn their fact and KD is low in carbs, high in fats and moderate in protein. This forces individual’s body for burning fats faster instead of carbs. Considering this information, this can be said that keto diet proves to be essential for 18-50 years aged people in relation to losing and managing their weight. The findings of the study by Dashti et al, (2014) revealed that weight and body mass index of patient found to be decreased on significant note escorted by decreased cholesterol level from week 1 to week 24 after following keto diet (Basolo et al, 2022). However, these results were gained in longer period, this specifies that long-term ketogenic diet, reduces body weight of individuals along with decreasing cholesterol level. Thus, keto diet has been proven effective in weight management procedure, further, this is easy to follow and there is no complexity faced by patient and this further makes it a subsequent option.

The focus of the patient should be only on reducing their carbs and increasing fat and protein meals and snacks. Therefore, it does not create any confusion for individuals and further it does not take huge time. A proper diet meal requires to be followed by obese people and consistency is essential in the whole procedure (Drabińska, Wiczkowski and Piskuła, 2021). However, long term sustainability of keto diet is found to be uncertain and this is mainly due to its restrictive nature and nutritional deficiencies. Studies have shown that keto diet is restricted due to which individuals further not receive the nutrition, vitamins and important mineral fibres. These deficiencies make people tired and increases episodes of fatigue (Al Aamri et al, 2022). Furthermore, concerns regarding cardiovascular disease due to high-fat diet have been raised in relation to Keto diet. Nevertheless, these complexities can be managed through routine check-ups, further, based on dietitian guidance, keto diet must be undertaken. An appropriate check-up results in knowing about the requirement of body and accordingly, diet can be prepared while managing balance of protein, minerals, vitamins and carbs (Basolo et al 2022). Hence, general examination of all body functions supports in identifying whether keto diet will suit individual’s body or not and subsequently, decision can be taken.

The ethical implications which are associated with keto diet intervention comprehends with managing a balancing diet. Comprehensive check-up requires to be undertaken and based on this keto diet should be recommended so that there are no harmful impacts has been experienced by patient in their long-run (Loos and Yeo, 2022). Eating too much protein along with poor-quality fats from the processed food and eating few fruits and vegetables can result in worsening the condition of individuals specially those suffering from kidney disease. Therefore, principle of keto diet must be followed, an individual should not consume more than 50g of the carbs on daily basis and further sugar must be limited which means most of the fruits and vegetables which are high in sugar should not be recommend in this diet (Loos and Yeo, 2022). Hence, in this manner ethical implication can be undertaken while adopting keto diet intervention strategy.

Medical weight management strategy – Liraglutide Injection [Saxenda]

Saxenda injection 3 mg is specifically used for adults suffering from excess weight gain [BMI ≥27] along with those who are suffering from medical problems and obesity. This is an injectable prescription used with the combination of lifestyle changes, well-balanced diet and physical exercise (Whicher, 2021). It is a glucagon-like-peptide-1 proves to be effective in weight loss specifically in obese individuals. This is a medical weight management strategy specifically works for obese people; this medication works through reducing hunger and increases the feeling of fulness. From the findings it has been identified that this lead to reduce the mean body weight up-to 5.4 kg under 52-week treatment period (Das, 2021). Saxenda slow down food movement in stomach and intestine which further results in reducing appetite. This is considered as one of the safest injections for weight loss and therefore, it has been preferred by varied number of individuals suffering from obesity. However, this weight management strategy comprised with certain side effects, due to gastric emptying nausea, bloating, constipation and vomiting occurs. However, these are temporary side effects that resolves in shorter period.

Studies have shown that certain people reported to have hair loss and due to these varied individuals stopped taking this drug. Liraglutide proves to be effective in sustaining weight loss in obese individuals. In comparison to other medication, liraglutide has been proven effective also it is concerned with lesser side effects and therefore, people mainly prefer this (Lewis et al, 2024). However, still research is going on this context and so that efficacy of this strategy can be analysed. Gastrointestinal intolerability found to be most common component which led to drug discontinuation in patients as this develops drastic impact on patients and they are not able to tolerate the side effects (Wilding et al, 2021). The ethical practices are required to be undertaken while using this intervention; it is important to observe and asses patient injection techniques along with teaching them regarding rotating of injection sites (Lewis et al, 2024). The process of informed consent should be performed and patient must be made aware regarding the consequences of treatment procedure and accordingly the procedure must be undertaken. In this manner, ethics can be complied with practices and accordingly, significant results could be gained.

Comparison of weight management strategies

Table 1-Comparing Keto Diet and Liraglutide Injection

Based on the above comparison; Keto diet proves to be more effective and accessible for weight management strategy. Liraglutide injection provides effective result and it is often a sustained solution. However, it is comprised with cost barriers due to which many individuals are not able to afford it (Loos and Yeo, 2022). Keto diet is easy to implement and it has low adverse effect on individual health which makes it a subsequent option for weight management in obese individuals.

2183 Contemporary Issues in Food and Nutrition Assignment Sample

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Keto diet has provided effective results to patient in relation to loosing weight by reducing inflammation and it has further improved gut health of the individuals. Most importantly it has lesser side effects in comparison to Liraglutide Injection which makes it an effectual option of undertaking weight management strategies (Busetto et al, 2024). This approach is easy to implement and further provide effectual results and therefore, this should be taken in consideration for gaining significant outcomes.

Critical analysis of media coverage of obesity and retailing strategies and the ways in which it impacts consumers in UK

Media Coverage

Recent Media Coverage focusing on negative domains associated with obesity; it mainly includes perpetuating societal pressure towards unrealistic body ideals. This is contributing in weight biasness and further developing stigma. This result in creating utmost pressure on people specifically aged among 18-50 (Raheem et al, 2022). On the other hand, reputed media such as BBC emphasised on developing awareness regarding obesity along with the importance of maintaining a healthy eating habits. Studies have shown that print and electronic media reporting related to obesity plating pivotal role in shaping the perceptions of public and further there is awareness can be developed in individuals. Lack of awareness in this context creating major issues and further leading to increase in cases. Media upholds the notion of delivering clear message to public. Socia media platform has been used widely in UK, however, influencers are setting an unrealistic expectation related to ideal body shape. People who are overweight has to face bullying and this reduces their morals and self-esteem (Pugliese et al, 2022). Therefore, it is important to cover important things within media instead of demoralising people. There is need to develop awareness regarding healthy diet such as keto, apart from this, individuals should be motivated for undertaking physical exercise on daily basis. Thus, in this manner media can perform pivotal role in motivating individuals and effectual results can be gained.

Studies have shown that media reporting tends to encourage weigh bias and further focuses on targeting individual behaviour instead of addressing complexity. Promoting unhealthy products through media results in influencing people and increases their calorie intake which further contributes in obesity cases. As per Energy Balance Model [EBM] obesity refers to the disorder of energy balance, obesity results from imbalance of energy intake and the expenditure (Raheem et al, 2022). This significantly means that individuals gain more weight because they eat more and burn fewer calories. Hence, there is need to promote healthy eating habits and media should cover this aspect instead of bullying obese people and encouraging ideal body shape. This results in gaining effective results and further promote healthy eating habits in people which proves to be crucial for gaining significant results (Raheem et al, 2022). Thus, there is no doubt in stating that media plays important role in shaping the perception and mindset of people. Therefore, specific emphasis must be implied on this area so that effective outcomes can be gained.

Retailing strategies

Retail industry plays important role in shaping customer buying behaviour by influencing different food choices along with promoting healthier food options. Thus, encouraging healthier food options at famous retails store such as supermarkets can results in influencing the choices of individuals Furthermore, special discount on heathier food option must be given as it results in motivating customers for buying healthy food (Westbury et al, 2023). It is important to develop awareness in the customers regarding consequences of eating unhealthy food on regular note. This helps in encouraging people so they can prefer healthy food options instead of unhealthy food. The healthy choices should be encouraged in retail store environment. The Nutritional information and the visibility related to healthier food products within store considered as important variable in supporting consumers so they can make healthy choices while buying food (Westbury et al, 2023). The banners can be used and this should be placed just beside healthy products at the store, in banners information related to nutritious benefit of food and how it combats obesity should be mentioned. In this manner, effectual results can be gained and further significant awareness regarding maintaining healthy eating habits could be developed. Thus, it is important to imply appropriate focus on this area and accordingly, actions must be taken.

Conclusion

Conclusively; this can be said that cases of obesity among 18-50 aged people increasing to greater extent. The report has highlighted dietary and medical weight management strategies. Keto diet was selected as a dietary weight management strategy while Liraglutide injection selected as a medical strategy. From the analysis, it has been reviewed that keto diet proves to be effective in comparison to liraglutide injection, it is easy to follow and further it has low side effects in contrast to liraglutide injection. Both the interventions are proven effective for losing weight. However, keto diet is providing cost effective benefits and further this can be applied in shorter time period. It is essential to undertake complete body checkup before starting keto diet so that complications can be identified at initial stage and those individuals should continue this diet who does not have any potential threat related to fatigue or cardiovascular disease. Below mentioned are the major recommendations for policymakers and public with regards to managing their weight-

Promoting keto diet as primary strategy and liraglutide injection as secondary strategy

Keto diet should be promoted as initial strategy for individuals as this is concerned with lesser side effect and further provide significant results in shorter time period (Theis, and White, 2021). Therefore, significant emphasis should be made on this area and accordingly individuals should be encouraged for adopting this diet. Furthermore, liraglutide injection must be promoted as secondary intervention as it is costly and this further have side effects.

Developing awareness

Media should imply focus on developing awareness in individuals regarding healthy eating habit. Furthermore, people should be encouraged for doing physical exercise on daily basis as it supports in weight management (Theis, and White, 2021). Lack of awareness in this context creating major issues and therefore, focus must be implied on this area so that significant outcomes can be gained.

Helathier food options

The retail stores must promote heathier food option choices as this results in influencing the buying behaviour of consumers and encourages them to buy healthy food options. Discount on healthy food products should be given so that customers can get the motivation for purchasing healthy food items (Brown et al, 2022). In this manner, healthy lifestyle can be promoted which further results in weight management of people.

Thus, it can be said that comprehensive approach for weight management associates with individual-level intervention [dietary and medical intervention] and society-bases approaches [media coverage and retailing strategies] (Brown et al, 2022). Via implementing focus on these areas cases of obesity can be reduced and quality of life could be enhanced.

References

Books and Journals

• Al Aamri, K.S., Alrawahi, A.H., Al Busaidi, N., Al Githi, M.S., Al Jabri, K., Al Balushi, F., Ronquillo-Talara, R., Al Balushi, S. and Waly, M., 2022. The effect of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in the management of obesity compared with low caloric, low-fat diet. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 49, pp.522-528.
• Basolo, A., Magno, S., Santini, F. and Ceccarini, G., 2022. Ketogenic diet and weight loss: is there an effect on energy expenditure?. Nutrients, 14(9), p.1814.
• Brown, A., Flint, S.W. and Batterham, R.L., 2022. Pervasiveness, impact and implications of weight stigma. EClinicalMedicine, 47.
• Busetto, L., Dicker, D., Frühbeck, G., Halford, J.C., Sbraccia, P., Yumuk, V. and Goossens, G.H., 2024. A new framework for the diagnosis, staging and management of obesity in adults. Nature medicine, 30(9), pp.2395-2399.
• Das, G., 2021. Liraglutide for overweight and obesity. Practical Diabetes, 38(1), pp.7-9b.
• Dashti, H.M., Mathew, T.C., Hussein, T., Asfar, S.K., Behbahani, A., Khoursheed, M.A., Al-Sayer, H.M., Bo-Abbas, Y.Y. and Al-Zaid, N.S., 2014. Long-term effects of a ketogenic diet in obese patients. Experimental & Clinical Cardiology, 9(3), p.200.
• Drabińska, N., Wiczkowski, W. and Piskuła, M.K., 2021. Recent advances in the application of a ketogenic diet for obesity management. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 110, pp.28-38.
• Lewis, K.H., Sloan, C.E., Bessesen, D.H. and Arterburn, D., 2024. Effectiveness and safety of drugs for obesity. bmj, 384.
• Lingvay, I., Cohen, R.V., le Roux, C.W. and Sumithran, P., 2024. Obesity in adults. The Lancet, 404(10456), pp.972-987.
• Loos, R.J. and Yeo, G.S., 2022. The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology. Nature Reviews Genetics, 23(2), pp.120-133.
• Pugliese, G., Liccardi, A., Graziadio, C., Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G. and Colao, A., 2022. Obesity and infectious diseases: pathophysiology and epidemiology of a double pandemic condition. International Journal of Obesity, 46(3), pp.449-465.
• Raheem, A., Sultan, R. and Yasmeen, H., 2022. Epidemiology of obesity in asia: challenges and prevention. Advancements in Life Sciences, 9(2), pp.125-130.
• Safaei, M., Sundararajan, E.A., Driss, M., Boulila, W. and Shapi'i, A., 2021. A systematic literature review on obesity: Understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity. Computers in biology and medicine, 136, p.104754.
• Theis, D.R. and White, M., 2021. Is obesity policy in England fit for purpose? Analysis of government strategies and policies, 1992–2020. The Milbank Quarterly, 99(1), pp.126-170.
• Westbury, S., Oyebode, O., Van Rens, T. and Barber, T.M., 2023. Obesity stigma: causes, consequences, and potential solutions. Current obesity reports, 12(1), pp.10-23.
• Whicher, C.A., 2021. Evaluation of the feasibility and acceptability of liraglutide 3.0 mg as a management of overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness (LOSE Weight trial) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southampton).
• Wilding, J.P., Batterham, R.L., Calanna, S., Davies, M., Van Gaal, L.F., Lingvay, I., McGowan, B.M., Rosenstock, J., Tran, M.T., Wadden, T.A. and Wharton, S., 2021. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(11), pp.989-1002.

Online

• Obesity cases in UK, 2023. Online. Available through: < https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03336/#:~:text=The%20Health%20Survey%20for%20England,is%20classified%20as%20'overweight'.>