Human Factors in Aviation Management assignment sample examines how Crew Resource Management training at NATS influences communication, decision-making and teamwork, addressing human error, technology issues and safety challenges to improve air traffic management efficiency in the UK aviation sector
Crew Resource Management refers to the incorporation of diverse workforce management approach within Fight operations (Graham, Kremarik and Kruse, 2020). CRM lays emphasis on boosting interpersonal communication among pilots, air traffic controllers, operational personnel, fight services station, maintenance employees and others. For enhancing efficiency of CRM, training session are established which concentrates over enhancing communication skill, situation awareness, teamwork, decision making, error management and task allocation. It is pivotal development session that emphasis on elevating aviation safety and aids in enhancing communication and leadership for Flawless working of organization (Albers and Rundshagen, 2020). National Air Traffic services (NATS) is the public-private partnership organization which was established in year 1962 and Headquartered in England, UK. The firm operated with the aim of providing en-route air traffic control services to 14 UK’s airports. The firm earn an annual revenue of277.5 million pound and offer job opportunity to 4227 workers in year 2024 (Description of National Air Traffic services, 2025). Air Traffic management implies to integrated management of airspace and air traffic which focuses on airspace management, air traffic services and air traffic flow management which aids in efficient and seamless movement of aircraft during all the operational phases. The current proposal will explore the influences of CRM training on overall efficiency of air traffic management within NATS.
5 Years | MSc
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The current study is based on exploring the influences exerted by CRM training on safety and efficiency of Air traffic management within NATS. It has been discovered that airplanes delay is the major issue that are faced at UK’s airport due to inefficiency in managing air traffic (Gudmundsson, Cattaneo and Redondi, 2021). Moreover, it is worth nothing that inefficiency of employees in coordinating and communicating with each other’s generally give rises to such technical glitches. This created an urgency to critically evaluate influence of Crew Resource Management Training on the air traffic management. In this context, thematic analysis will be used to elucidate the effect on operational efficiency of Air traffic management due to CRM training.
Current study is highly significant for NATS as it offers information related to importance of crew resource management training. This will help NATS manager in deciding the type of training that should be offered to each worker for boosting overall air traffic’s efficiency (Wadud, 2020). Moreover, all the other organization within aviation industry will also identify various methods through which operational efficiency could be boost. Along with this, the current study defines various challenges in air traffic management based on which various actions could be taken on timely basis.
The aim behind conducting current study is to determine the impact of CRM training on the safety and operational efficiency of air traffic management within National Air Traffic service (NATS).
All the above mentioned objectives play a crucial role in attaining the research aim and answering the research question. The first objective supports in collecting all the crucial information regarding crew resource management which help in understanding its need in aviation industry. Moreover, it is crucial to determine various challenges that are faced by air traffic management which eventually impact on operational efficiency and safety (Zhang and Graham, 2020). Lastly, by evaluating interrelationship between the CRM and air traffic management, the research aims will be successfully achieved.
According to view point of Ashcroft, Wilkinson and Khan (2021) Crew resources management training implies to establishment of diverse session as to develop non technical kills such as communication, teamwork, decision making, and situational awareness and problem solving. It is one of the crucial requirements in aviation industry as it helps in reducing human errors and support in promoting safety culture. Also, MacLeod (2021) stated that CRM training support in identifying, avoiding and mitigating all the prospect risk which eventually end up boosting overall operational efficiency. Moreover, this training session aids in developing employee new skills and competencies that mitigate scope of error and support in boosting overall safety within aviation industry. Praetorius, Hult and Österman (2020) articulated that CRM training depicts; firms concern over personal growth and development which aids in boosting satisfaction and support in managing overall turnover rate. This training session helps in attaining personal objective of the crew’s member that aids in gaining higher growth opportunities and thereby enhancing overall satisfaction.
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Further, Sikora, Hari and Hanusch (2020) explicated that CRM training mitigate scope of error and mistakes that leads to enhancing overall efficiency. CRM training aids in developing cognitive skill and situational awareness which help employees in effectively evaluating the entire situation and taking actions by which errors could be mitigate. Along with this, Smallwood (2023) stated that CRM training play crucial role in developing employees’ confidences to undertaken all the challenges which aids in enhancing overall productivity. In CRM training, employees develop skills to easily communicate their issue with others and taking adequate decision that enhances their confidences and aids in higher productivity. Beside this, Serou et al, (2021) explicated that CRM training also focuses on developing employees’ knowledge related to diverse scenarios and incident. It also defines various method and measures by which such incident could be managed which ultimately aids in boosting overall safety.
Along with this Jiang et al, (2020) stated that CRM training aims at enhancing task allocation skill which help in effectively managing overall workload. In CRM training, concentration is paid over enhancing delegation skills within leaders and employees that help in easily managing workload and support in reducing scope of error and accidents. Prineas et al, (2021) articulated that CRM training plays a significant role towards managing conflicts at the workplace which aids in boosting overall productivity. This training session focuses over developing team working and communication skills that aids in better interpersonal coordination and thereby reduces scope of confusion. Additionally, adequate interpersonal relationship within crew members aids in gaining accurate guidance which aids in boosting overall productivity.
Based on the view point of Harvey and Turnbull (2020) it has been determined that technological glitches are one of the major issue impacting on overall air traffic management. It has identified that slow data inputs, prolonged integrated analysis and delayed data compilation are major technical glitches that impact on overall efficiency. For example: On August 2023, there was computer failure at NATS which hampers the travel plan of over 700000 Passengers (Regulator published report on NATS Technical Failure, 2024). This technology issue develop obstacles in managing air traffic due to which there was same designator for two waypoints. Along with this, Maneenop and Kotcharin (2020) that outdated infrastructure is another critical issue that impacted on overall air traffic management. It has been determined that many ATM operates towards outdated technologies due to high expense and complex process which hinder overall air traffic management. For example: At the time of NATS’s technical glitches, firm lack adequate infrastructure to manages all the traffic indicating huge impact on the working of aviation industry.
In support of above author, Abdi, Li and Càmara-Turull (2020) explicated that there lack of skilled and a competent employee is another challenge faced by the aviation industry. There are continuous changes in the external environment due to which firm need to adapt latest technology and initiate diverse change. However, lack of competent employees develop obstacle in adapting to such changes which eventually hamper overall efficiency. Beside this, Tooley and Wyatt (2024) explicated that aviation industry generally faces issue in managing weather related disruption which result in impacting on air traffic management. Unpredictable weather condition such as thunderstorm, fog and hurricanes are major factors that disrupt schedules, rise accident risk which eventually end up developing obstacle in air traffic management. Moreover, Ali and Alfayez (2024) professed that lack of standardization in ATM technologies and procedures is major complication in traffic management. This diversification in ATM increases risk of interoperability, and safety which eventually reduces hampers air traffic management.
As per opinion of Tang and Zhang (2021), it has been assessed that CRM training creates both positive and negative impact on overall air traffic management. CRM Training supports in boosting overall communication skills that helps air traffic management in easily conveying their information to others and aids in enhancing overall efficiency. It has been identified that lack of proper communication is major cause behind 67% of total accidents (Air accident investigation Branch, 2025). Further, jargon error and assumption error are generally caused due to lack of communication which could be overcome through adequate CRM training. Im, Kim and Hong (2021) articulated that CRM only focuses on developing cognitive skills and does not focuses on personal factors of the employees which ultimately results in higher accident and errors. There are various personal factors that creates issue in easily incorporating team working skill within crew members which eventually end up creating issue in managing air traffic.
Along with this, De Neufville (2020) stated that air traffic management required taking proactive decision as to as to overcome all the issues. CRM training concentrates over developing decision making skills through which employees are able to follow structured process in decision making that aids in better management. On the other hand, Ali and Alfayez (2024) stated CRM training could not solely helps in managing air traffic as it only emphasis over developing skills but does not pay focus on enhancing technical knowledge of the employees that hampers overall efficiency. For example: NTSA has faced major technology glitch that ends up impacting on overall working of the aviation industry. However, an competent employees could identify technology glitches on timely basis which support in reducing occurrence of such issues.
Moreover, Doole, Ellerbroek and Hoekstra (2020) CRM training play a crucial role in enhancing team working and coordination that eventually end up effective air traffic management. This training aids in booting collaboration within pilot and other member which reduces scope of errors which foster overall safety. On the critical point of view, Marrón and Redondo (2023) stated that even after developing team working and other skills, employee’ generally resist to any changes which negatively impact on overall air traffic management. This training develop various crucial skill but unable to enhance personnel’s confidence to undertake particular actions which ultimately results in lower efficiency and safety.
In the past time, studies have been initiated for identifying the necessity of crew resources management training for accomplishing goals on timely basis (Char, Abràmoff and Feudtner, 2020). However, concentration was not laid over identifying its impact of such training on boosting overall operational efficiency within air traffic management. The current study will help in exploring such implications and support in gaining better understanding.
Research philosophy refers to the belief regarding the manner in which information related to particular phenomenon could be collected, analysed and used. It has been divided into two crucial parts which includes interpretivism and positivism philology (Taherdoost, 2022). In the context of determining impact of CRM on operational efficiency, researcher is aiming at utilising interpretivism philosophy. This method aids in gaining nuanced understanding related to topic by evaluating respondent’s experiences. Moreover, interpretivism theory aims at exploring human behaviour that aids in better understanding respondent’s view point. Further, the current study will be initiated through qualitative data and inductive approaches which are best accompanied through interpretivism philosophy.
Research method refers to the type of information which needs to be gathered for gaining insight of the research topic (Kamper, 2020). This method has been classified into tow differential parts which includes qualitative and quantitative research method. Qualitative research implies to process of gathering information related to respondent’s belief and mindset that as to gain real life information. Quantitative method involved towards gathering numerical data related to topic on which statistical tools could be applied (Mulisa, 2022). For gathering information related to the impact of CRM training on the operational efficiency of Air Traffic management, qualitative data will be opt by researcher. This method support in exploring real life context of the study that aids in gaining nuanced understanding. Moreover, qualitative method has been chosen as it includes open- ended question which aids in gaining wider thoughts and deeper understanding of the topic. Additionally, the current study is based on understanding employee’s perception regarding CRM training that needs to be documented in logical stances.
Data collection implies to method of gaining in depth information related to the topic by critically analysing diverse sources (Hasan et al, 2021). Primary and secondary are most prominent method by which all the information could be gathered for answering research question. In the course of determining impact of CRM on the safety and operational efficiency in air traffic management, combination of the method will be utilized. Primary data collection includes collecting information from sources rather than pre- existing data. This is most prominent method that helps in gaining original and topic specific information.
In this context, researcher is aiming at utilizing random sampling method for selecting 25 employees of NATS. All the selected employees will be surveyed with the help of questionnaires. Along with this, researcher is also focusing over gathering secondary information as it is time and cost effective method that help in attaining goals with fewer resources. This method offers an opportunity to explore perception and opinion of diverse scholars which aids in deeper understanding of the complex issue. Moreover, secondary method aids in comparing primary information with published data that aids in forming better conclusion. In this regard, Research is aiming at utilizing Goggle scholar and University Library Portal for gaining access to valuable books, journals, blogs, and articles related to the topic. Moreover, various government publications will also be analysed as to gaining in-depth data related to research problem. All the collected information will be analysed through thematic approach in which common patterns and trends will be recognised from qualitative data.
Validity implies to identifying the accuracy of data whereas reliability refers to the process of measures consistencies of the information (Suri, 2020). For collecting valid information, Researcher is aiming at evaluating market situation and time duration while conducting past studies. Along with this, researcher has focused on exploring original objective of the past studies as to identify its relevance to current research. Moreover, research will focus on choosing rigour and trustworthy sources that aids in gaining reliable and accurate data. Further, focus will be laid over utilizing random sampling method as to select most representative samples and thereby gaining valid information.
There are seven crucial stages that will be followed for successfully conducting research process. At the initial stage, emphasis will be paid over identifying prevailing management issue based on which brief will be drafted. Further, aims, objectives and research question will be drafted to gain accurate data. Then, survey will be initiated and past studies will be evaluated for gaining reliable information. Moreover, all the collected information will be arranged and analysed through thematic approach. Lastly, conclusion and recommendations will be provided for successful completion of the project.
From the above analysis, It has been identified that Crew Resource Management training is one of the crucial process in aviation industry which aids in developing several crucial skills of employees and eventually end up managing their turnover. Further, technology issues, lack of employee’s skills, outdated infrastructure and weather related issue are major challenges in air traffic management. Further, CRM training aids in enhancing decision-making, team working, collaboration, and communication which reduces scope of accidents and errors.
Current study will act as the base for other scholar as to conduct future studies and explore diverse information related to topic. Further, the study will also contribute significantly in the past studies that aids in providing wider information to the all the interested groups.
9.0 Conclusion
By summing up the report, it has been identified that CRM training is having huge impact on overall air traffic management. It has been determined there is increasing rate of accidents and reduction in operational efficiency in aviation industry which necessitates evaluation of this topic. For gaining in-depth information related to the topic, qualitative study has been initiated while considering both primary and secondary data. In this regard, survey will be conducted on 25 employees of NATS and several books and journals will be evaluated. Moreover, it has identified that CRM training aids in developing employees, decision making, collaboration, task allocation and communication skills that aids in enhancing operational efficiency of air traffic management.
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