Human Right And Ethics Case Study

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Introduction

Human rights and ethics are the terms which need to be followed while providing effective treatment to the patient. For students seeking assignment help cheap, understanding these principles is crucial. It is necessary because in case human rights or ethical values are violated while providing treatment to the patient then issues can be faced. Thus, the current study is based on the case of Mr John Johnson who is 58 years old and is suffering from end-stage liver disease and requires a liver transplant. However, after discussing the various options with the healthcare team, he decides to not go for a transplant and rather agrees to palliative care. His wife, Jane is not happy with the decision and is emotionally affected and is not sure whether John has taken the correct decision or not. So the current study will identify the different challenges which are faced about human rights and ethics. At last, the framework will be applied to manage the challenges identified and provide better care to John.

Human Right And Ethics Case Study

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Andrew Green 6 Years | LLB

Main Body

Identifying the challenges

Human rights are certain types of rights which are provided to the person to live a better life. It is necessary for the people that effective human rights are followed so that the overall working can be improved and better development takes place. Further, legal standards are the different types of principles which are prepared based on the laws made by the government (Ventura et al, 2021). There are certain types of legal standards which need to be followed within nursing and healthcare and will guide the working of the healthcare sector. Moreover, the ethical principles are general statements which provide a direction to work and guide for better working and monitoring the human actions. For effective management within healthcare cases, compliance with human rights and ethical principles must be effectively made so that better decisions can be made (Ayinla et al, 2024). With the evaluation of the case study, it is clear that John is suffering from end-stage liver disease and the solution to this disease is a liver transplant. However, John has refused to take the transplant and instead is interested in taking palliative care for treatment which is not correct.

There are many different types of challenges being highlighted within the current case of John and the most common challenge is the violation of accountability and justice. Accountability states that the healthcare practitioner or nurse must be responsible for the course of action taken to provide better treatment to the patient (Grace and Uveges, 2022). Also, justice, implies that the healthcare professionals must decide by considering all the facts and figures relating to the patient. But in the current case, this was not implemented because the condition of John requires only one treatment which is a liver transplant. John is suffering from end-stage liver disease and this is a situation where the liver cannot be repaired and the only solution is transplanting the liver. But John was not interested in liver transplant and after consulting the healthcare team decided to go for palliative care. In this situation, the healthcare team must not have agreed to the decision of John as this was not the solution for him to get better (Zoromba et al, 2024). Rather the team must have refused this and must have motivated John to go for a liver transplant as it will help him to recover fast.

Along with this, another challenge highlighted within the case study was that John did not discuss the decision with his wife Jane. This was also a challenge as they are married and before taking the decision, it is John’s responsibility that he discuss every aspect of the decision with Jane. For instance, he is suffering from end-stage liver disease and if a liver transplant is not done then anything can happen to him (Stokes and Iskander, 2021). Thus, before finalising the decision he must have taken consultation with Jane as well. John must have effectively communicated all the concerns and decisions with Jane before finalising any of the decisions. Being the wife of John it is her right that all the information is correctly shared with her and her opinion is also considered before making any of the decisions. Hence, these challenges affect the working and treatment for John and ultimately he must discuss the working in a better and more effective manner. In case John would have communicated all the needs with his wife then a better decision would have been taken (Childress and Beauchamp, 2022). Also, in case better decisions would be applied then the life of John would be saved and he might recover from the end-stage liver disease if a transplant is undertaken.

Discussing the Framework

Thus, the above study highlighted that there are certain challenges concerning human rights and ethical principles which are faced in the case of John. Thus, to provide better treatment an effective framework and models must be applied so that these challenges can be removed. In case these challenges are not eradicated then John will not be in a better position to get the treatment well and overcome the severe end-stage liver disease. Thus, the major challenge identified within the case of John was the ethical dilemma of whether giving palliative care instead of liver transplant will be beneficial or not (Podgorica et al, 2021). According to the situation of John, a liver transplant was a better option for John to recover from the disease but he refused and opted for palliative care which is not appropriate in the case of the disease (Rogers and Schill, 2021). So, to overcome the current situation, compliance with the framework of ethical decision-making needs to be complied with. This is a framework which outlines the steps that need to be taken for the effective development of the work and as a result of this better decisions will be taken. For this, a 7-step guide for ethical decision-making will be followed by the healthcare practitioner so that the working can be improved better. In case these steps will not be followed better then it will help the company in managing and maintaining the work better and help John to overcome his problem well.

• State the problem- The first step to be followed is to analyse the problem which the patient is suffering. In the current case of John, he is suffering from end-stage liver disease and this is very severe for him (Kwame and Petrucka, 2022). It is due to the reason that it will result in a high negative impact on the health of the patient.
• Check the facts- this stage includes checking for the facts and key aspects which need to be considered before finalising the decision. It is necessary when the effective type of the facts will be considered then it will be assistive to take better decision.
• Identifying relevant factors- after this the next step is to analyse all the related factors which may be both internal and external affecting the situation of the person (Post and Blustein, 2021). It includes a detailed analysis of the key internal and external forces which might impact the health of John.
• Developing a list of options- after the analysis, it is necessary that all the alternative actions must be listed so that the overall working can be improved. Also, this list will assist in managing and ensuring that a proper list is maintained so that all the alternatives are analysed and evaluated.
• Testing the options- after the listing of the options it will be examined to determine which the most feasible option for John to get better is (Chen et al, 2021). This is necessary for the healthcare practitioner they must effectively try to test all the alternatives and select the best-suited one.
• Making the choices- at last, it is necessary for the healthcare practitioner they effectively make the correct and most appropriate choice for providing the treatment to John. Also, the healthcare practitioner must not have supported John in deciding on palliative care for end-stage liver disease.

Along with this framework, it is also necessary for healthcare practitioners they effectively try to comply with different ethical theories as well. These theories include virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism, fairness approach and many other different types of theories and frameworks (Simm, 2021). In case these will not be utilised by the healthcare practitioner then it will be impacting the working and treatment of John greatly.

Conclusion

At last, it is inferred that complying with human rights and ethical principles is very essential for the effective provision of treatment. In case better compliance with these rights is not provided then it will not be providing better treatment to the patient and it can impact the working greatly. The study highlighted that the major challenge faced in the case of John is non-compliance with justice and accountability principles and not discussing the issues with his wife. Also, the essay outlined that complying with the ethical decision-making process is necessary for providing better help in the case of John. Moreover, compliance with different ethical principles and theories is required like virtue ethics, utilitarianism and others.

References

Books and Journals

• Ayinla, B.S., Amoo, O.O., Atadoga, A., Abrahams, T.O., Osasona, F. and Farayola, O.A., 2024. Ethical AI in practice: Balancing technological advancements with human values. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(1), pp.1311-1326.
• Chen, Q., Su, X., Liu, S., Miao, K. and Fang, H., 2021. The relationship between moral sensitivity and professional values and ethical decision-making in nursing students. Nurse education today, 105, p.105056.
• Childress, J.F. and Beauchamp, T.L., 2022. Common morality principles in biomedical ethics: responses to critics. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 31(2), pp.164-176.
• Grace, P.J. and Uveges, M.K., 2022. Nursing ethics and professional responsibility in advanced practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
• Kwame, A. and Petrucka, P.M., 2022. Universal healthcare coverage, patients' rights, and nurse-patient communication: a critical review of the evidence. BMC nursing, 21(1), p.54.
• Podgorica, N., Flatscher-Thöni, M., Deufert, D., Siebert, U. and Ganner, M., 2021. A systematic review of ethical and legal issues in elder care. Nursing Ethics, 28(6), pp.895-910.
• Post, L.F. and Blustein, J., 2021. Handbook for health care ethics committees. JHU Press.
• Rogers, B. and Schill, A.L., 2021. Ethics and Total Worker Health®: Constructs for ethical decision-making and competencies for professional practice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), p.10030.
• Simm, K., 2021. Ethical decision-making in humanitarian medicine: how best to prepare?. disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 15(4), pp.499-503.
• Stokes, F. and Iskander, R., 2021. Human rights and bioethical considerations of global nurse migration. Journal of bioethical inquiry, 18(3), pp.429-439.
• Ventura, C.A.A., Austin, W., Carrara, B.S. and de Brito, E.S., 2021. Nursing care in mental health: Human rights and ethical issues. Nursing ethics, 28(4), pp.463-480.
• Zoromba, M.A., Abualruz, H., Abu Sabra, M.A., Zoromba, M.A. and El-Gazar, H.E., 2024. Decent work and ethical ideologies of nurses—A multicenter cross-sectional study. Nursing Ethics, p.09697330241262471.

Online

• Ethical Decision-Making. 2024. Online. Available through: <https://serc.carleton.edu/geoethics/Decision-Making#:~:text=Their%20framework%20for%20Ethical%20Decision,and%20Reflect%20on%20the%20Outcome.>