Critical Analysis of Targeted Abuse and Safeguarding Challenges in Mental Health Services
Findings: This study aims to analyse the rate at which mental health service users in England experience targeted violence and abuse, widely referred to as hate crimes, a topic often explored with academic support such as Online Assignment Help UK. It draws attention to service users’ vulnerability at the hands of mental health and adult safeguarding services that continue to make them feel unsafe and unheard. The findings of the study are centred on practitioners’ uncertainty in tackling abuse due to ‘blame cultures’ within mental health and social work. Outcomes reveal a lack of client-led safety plans and an urgent need to strengthen the accountability of the police, housing officers, and safeguarding professionals. The publication also highlights additional factors of vulnerability, including trauma, social stigma, and austerity, and emphasises the need to enhance awareness of targeted abuse within mental health services alongside the development of robust advocacy frameworks.
Research approach: Carr et al., therefore employ a qualitative, user-led methodology to research targeted violence and abuse in mental health services (2017). Service users are engaged throughout the process as there are more than half of the members of the research team who are service users/survivor researchers. On the one hand, it is beneficial as such findings would be based on an insider perspective; on the other hand, this might lead to certain biases. The mentioned above arguments refer to the study where the authors use 23 mental health service users’ questionnaires collected conveniently, with 46% of them being women; also, focus groups are conducted with practitioners consequently, the sample is rather limited and may be unbiased. According to Ogden, critical self-reflection is another imperative that research must consider, addressing issues of gender, race, and ability (2017). It is quite possible that the topic excluded the abuse faced by men or any non-binary individuals while focusing solely on the women’s experience. Moreover, although the paper does address factors such as racism and homophobia as factors that intersect with mental health stigma, it fails to offer a comprehensive assessment of how these two interact with the main subject. The provided agenda is to work on enhancing the policies on safeguarding, while the focus on integrate stories might reduce generalization.
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Key Implication: Carr et al.’s of choice: involvement with mental health matters gave a qualitative, user-centric focus to the study adopted by the authors; how they interpreted abuse and safeguarding was guided by participants’ experiences (2017). This enables a fleshed-out narrative but also the fact that it is subjective, as elaborated by Ogden states that qualitative research is viewed through the prism of the researcher (2017). The research does not attempt to answer why such abuse is inflicted, how instead, it does not consider the broader societal factors but what might exist in the stories of the service users. It shapes the ways results are perceived – focusing on individual narratives instead of generalizable numbers. The small, self-selected sample may pose challenges for policymakers looking to apply the findings at a bigger scale. Fourth, focusing on women’s experiences may as well perpetuate the gendered assumptions about victimization. Therefore, the purpose of having the right safeguarding policies comes from the awareness of the policymakers of the significance of qualitative research. However, there may be some drawbacks when it is a kind of qualitative data so it may not be so much used in the evidence-based decision-making system (Baker et al., 2016).
Use of the research in health and social care practice: Carr et al.’s, work can be used to support health and social care by being alert to several aspects of safeguarding in mental health services. EBP focuses on the use of available literature when making decisions regarding its subject; this paper identifies weaknesses in safeguarding measures and asks professionals to pay attention to the idea of user-led safety planning. Ogden asserts that for practice to improve care, both qualitative methods and empirical evidence should be included in the practice. Thus, it could be used by practitioners to learn about the signs of such abuse, enhance the relationships with service users, and call for changes demanding better treatment from the authorities. Mentally related organizations such as mental health and social work could try to employ such aspects in their training programs to address blame cultures present within those organizations. Mental health could also work on increasing accountability to guarantee that the personalities’ abuse cases are not disregarded.
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Findings: The study undertaken by Earnshaw and Quinn focuses on stigma in the health field about those suffering from chronic ailments. It measures internalized where the person looks at themselves through the lens of the stigma; the experienced area is where a patient receives discrimination from caregivers or other healthcare professionals; and the anticipated where the patient expects discrimination in the future. Situational stigma was much higher among patients with high internalized and experienced stigmatization due to chronic illness including diabetes and asthmatic ailment among the 184 participants. This in turn lowered their health care utilization and their overall well-being was affected. This paper has revealed that stigma hinders people from accessing proper care and further exacerbates suffering. In this study, stewardship is focused on lobbying for anti-stigma policies in the health sector, as well as patient and provider self-education which will enhance the overall support of the chronically ill clients (Earnshaw and Quinn, 2011).
Research approach: Earnshaw and Quinn undertook a quantitative study to establish people’s stigmatism in health care among people with chronic diseases using the path analysis method. Their schedule seems to focus on the impacts of stigma on health care and its associated quality and subsequently, recommend something be done about it. The study sample comprises 184 university students and, therefore, can be viewed as non-representative. In response to this, Ogden says that it is important for research to examine critically its assumptions (2017) and this study sample comprises young, white, and educated clients which is a limitation when generalizing its findings to the older, ethnically diverse, and less educated population. That is, the concern with stigma with chronic illness is inferred, but not further developed in the light of racial, sex, or income differences. These may point to reasons through which stigma occurs, uttering the need for a larger and more diverse sample.
Key Implications: Earnshaw and Quinn’s study mainly investigates the consequences of the stigma of patients with chronic diseases instead of the reason why it happens. This defines the scope of the study because it expounds on the effects of stigma for example; limited access to health facilities rather than the cause. Ogden also stated that research should take into account how the findings are used (2017). A significant method of the study is the use of a university sample and the results therefore cannot be generalized to the overall population or other populations who may experience stigma in different ways. Firstly, the study posits that stigma determines healthcare utilization and does not consider any other variables such as SES or healthcare accessibility. Indeed, the authors’ findings show that stigma-reduction interventions are required, although policymakers may have certain concerns about the Transportability of these experiments. To that, the study highlights how stigma should be addressed in the medical environment but the use of participants from only one facility raises validity and generalization issues and a mixed-method research design would aid the study sample by including a diverse pool of participants from more than healthcare centres.
Use of the research in health and social care practice: This paper explains how Earnshaw and Quinn achieve stigmatization reduction within health and social care offering Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) knowledge. Ogden rightly points out that making use of such research enhances care quality (2017). This paper shows how stigmatization constitutes a hindrance to health care and healthy living partly because it establishes that all healthcare professional training should incorporate programs on prejudice and racism. These insights will enable the social care workers to lobby for better policies with special concern for the patients. It also found that professional and mutual support from other peers, along with intervention programs might also afford use for chronic illness patients in managing stigma and influencing their usage of treatments.
Findings : Steve Moore’s work reveals that elder abuse remains largely unreported and hidden as a problem within private care homes for the elderly in England. This research shows that the care staff receive a high number of reports of abuse; nevertheless, they fail to report such abuse due to risks ranging from being attacked, losing their jobs, or lack of action from management. Some care homes effectively mute critical information from emerging from the providers since the senior administration discourages employees from coming forward. The findings highlight the deficiencies in the protection of the student’s rights within institutions and colleges and the inability of independent agencies to regulate the abuse. This is an indication that there is a need to increase protection for whistleblowers and improve the scrutiny that local authorities are subjected to by the regulatory agencies to reduce exploitation of the vulnerable occupants (Moore, 2019).
Research approach: Steve Moore, an independent researcher undertook this study to establish that abuse is underreported and concealed in private care homes. He aspires for a society with enhanced protective measures to be put in place and enhanced supervision to be practiced. The research adopted closed questionnaires administered to newly employed care staff in 11 private care establishments. Nonetheless, surveying 391 participants of the staff restricts the research to their awareness of the issue, excluding the residents and their families. This may exclude overlooking structural inequalities or under-representation of certain population groups. The study does not go into too much detail regarding the roles that gender, race, or physical abilities play in reporting cases of abuse. Though pointing to several shortcomings, a more diverse sample and including qualitative studies would improve its results.
Key Implications: The direction of Moore’s research is to pose a question about how abuse in care homes is hidden, that is, the process rather than the cause of suppression. This impacts the way he/she interprets results, focusing on deficiencies and employees’ concerns rather than local organizational or societal issues. In using the anonymous questionnaires, it is possible to obtain truthful responses without being able to explore the reasons why the underreporting was done. Ogden in his article holds the view that in carrying out research, the two approaches of qualitative and quantitative methods need to be applied without skewness towards either side. The study therefore presents well well-supported argument on suppression strategies but fails to obtain the views of the residents, their families, and regulatory agencies which could be more helpful. However, it lacks further understanding of such reporting behaviour regarding gender, race, or people of low income. These outcomes can help policymakers enhance whistleblower safeguarding, however, if the power relations in the care organizations are not changed, necessary legislation will not have sustainable benefits. An exploratory parallel mixed-method approach comprising both interviews and case studies could offer a richer understanding.
Use of the research in health and social care practice: Moore’s research can be used to enhance the best practice of health and social care because it can provide a better approach to improving safeguarding policies and whistleblower protection. EBP entails the use of researched information in policy formulation and training and this study shows that there is a need to enhance reporting procedures and observe policy and procedures closely. Ogden further depicts the fact that practice ought to apply research to practice-based issues (2017). Here, these findings recommend that care providers adopt anonymous reporting systems, promote staff education in matters about abuse, and adjust the methods used during inspections. Indeed, the social care leaders must ensure that any resident’s abuse is reported without further fear of intimidation or job loss.
References
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