Unit 16 Supporting Positive Behaviour in Adult Health and Social Care Assignment Sample

• Type Assignment
• Downloads618
• Pages11
• Words2796

Introduction: Unit 16 Supporting Positive Behaviour in Adult Health and Social Care

Health and social care is a complex network of policies, relationships and activities within different healthcare & social settings. In this sector, doctors, general practitioners and nurses delivers support and care to the patients. The main purpose of this report is to explain about the challenging behaviours along with different aspects related to adult health & social care. This report will describe about the concept of challenging behaviour and different factors that can increase this kind of behaviour. It will also provide deeper insight about the guidance, legislation, policies, models and theories related to the positive behaviour. Furthermore, this report will also cover the different methods to examine and record the challenging behaviour. Some interventions to provide support to the positive behaviour will be also discussed in this report. It will include the restrictive practice within health & social care and analysis of various tools as well as strategies to reduce the restrictive practices.

Unit 16 Supporting Positive Behaviour in Adult Health and Social Care Assignment Sample

Liked This Sample? Hire Me Now

Louise Adams 6 Years | MSc

This detailed analysis is provided with expert Assignment Help from Rapid Assignment Help, a trusted platform ensuring high-quality academic support and guidance for students.

Task 1: Understanding Challenging Behaviour

1.1 the Concept of Challenging Behaviour

Challenging behaviour refers to the actions and behaviour of the people which can be disruptive, unsafe and harmful to themselves or other one. Self-stimulation, abuse towards the other people and self-harm are some examples of the challenging behaviour. From the past few years, the ‘word’ challenging behaviour has been utilised to show the fact that the behaviour is challenge for the carers and parents. The person who is showing the bad behaviour or attitude is not an issue to be fixed or someone is doing wrong activities which require to be solved. However, in reality challenging behaviour is an indicaton that something is wrong or not working properly. It presents that there is some requirements which not being fulfilled (Carberry, and et al, 2024). A person who shows the behaviour which is challenging not only harm themselves but also hurt other people. Several people who have learning disability show the challenging behaviour. These kind of behaviour can appear only in some situations and similar behaviour can be considered problematic in certain environments but not in other settings. It can be utilised by an individual for reasons like generating sensory simulation or getting assistance. It is largely recognised that an individual with learning disability are at high risk of different mental as well as physical health issues and consequently behave differently. It is crucial for the people who are suffering from the challenging behaviour to focus on their behaviour and consult with the family members and doctors to treat their problem.

1.2 Major Factors Which Can Lead to Challenging Behaviour

In history challenging behaviour had been explained as inappropriate, disordered, problem or abnormal. Though, research has represented that the challenging behaviour is adaptive as well as functional in several ways and such behaviour is not disordered. There are many key elements that are responsible for producing challenging behaviour. Personal, emotional, biological, life experiences, physical, social and environmental are key factors behind challenging behaviour. Adult people with serious learning disorder are usually not capable to talk or also have ineffective verbal communication abilities. As these people feel difficulties to express their requirements verbally, then they utilise the other ways to communicate with people and fulfil their requirements and so behaviour that is challenging may continue. People who are very emotional and also have physical disabilities can behave differently due to problems in their life. An individual with mental disorder like depression, anxiety, stress etc. can misbehave with others which increase the risk of challenging behaviour (Almaiah, Al-Khasawneh, and Althunibat, 2020). In health and social care, challenging behaviour usually go together with neurodevelopmental variances and mental health issues. People who have autism, dementia and other health problems may experience the challenging behaviour in high manner. The possibility of such type of behaviour is higher in those adult people who had faced bad phase in their life and badly impacted their whole life. So, all these factors can increase the problem of wrong behaviour which need to be addressed as soon as possible so that they can reduce such behaviour.

1.3 Consequences for People of Challenging Behaviour

If an individual is not capable to deal with the own behaviour and feel difficulties to control their behaviour then it can increase the problems. An individual may harm themselves and other people by verbally as well as physically. Challenging behaviour can make it difficult for the people to pay attention on education and get essential life skills. They can also face problems in doing routine work and possibly delaying overall development and well-being. This kind of behaviour can also influence the engagement of people in social and community events and activities which lead to isolation and increase stress (Willner, and et. al., 2020).

Task 2: Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) and Related Models

2.1 Policy, Guidance and Legislation Associated With Positive Behaviour Support

Positive behaviour support refers to the person-centered approach of supporting the people who have disorders or may be have chances to develop the challenging behaviour. There are different policy, guidance and legislation related to the positive behaviour support.

The Care act 2014 – This act has developed to provide social care to the adult people in the England. It needs local authorities and bodies to ensure that individuals who live in their areas get facilities and eliminate the obstacles which prevent them to get appropriate care and support and treat the issues. According to this act, local authorities should protect the adults through establishing safeguard adults committee in their area.

Mental Health Act 2017 – This legislation or act developed by the government that concentrated on admissions and treatment of people with serious mental disorders in hospitals. This act make sure that each person get equal and effective health care services who are suffering from mental illness and showing challenging behaviour continuously. This act revolve around the independence and provides right to all people to make a decision regarding their treatment (Gupta, Dinakaran, and Athanas, 2021).

PBS framework – This framework is developed to support the individuals and includes knowing the reasons of challenging behaviour like life history, emotional requirements and physical health problems. The PBS framework of the United Kingdom describes what need to understand and do while giving the treatment and care to the people. It is most crucial for the health care workers and professionals to follow guidelines while delivering services to the people.

2.2 Analysis of Models and Theories That Support Positive Behaviour

Health Belief model – This is a theoretical model which can be utilised to direct the health promotion related programs. It is utilised to describe and predict the changes and transformations in the health behaviours. Health Belief model is one of the largely utilised models in order to understand the health behaviours. This model addresses the perceptions of people regarding threat posed by any health problem, the advantages of avoiding fears and elements that affecting the decision to take action (Limbu, Gautam, and Pham, 2022). The model pay attention on individual belief regarding health conditions. According to model, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, cues to action, self-efficacy and perceived advantages are some factors which impact health behaviours. Health care workers can use this model to investigate the factors that affect the behaviour of the people and take proper action to cure it.

Theory of Planned Behaviour – This theory focuses on formation of a structure of observation of two set of variables: attitudes that are explained as positive as well as negative feeling related to accomplishment of an objective and subject norms that are the exact illustration of perception of an individual. According to this theory, a person act rationally, based on their attitudes, supposed behavioural control, and subjective norms. These elements are not essentially actively or determinedly considered during the process of decision-making, but create the background for the decision-making procedure. The main aim of research in this area is to discover the hidden values and thoughts which impact the decision-making (Sok, and et. al., 2021). There is some several controversy regarding the postulation of rationality as sometimes people act emotionally.

2.3 Influence of Theory on Positive Behaviour Support

Health Belief model is useful for the health care workers and professionals to formulate the interventions to enhance public health. Through understanding the factors which affect choices related to the health, professionals can manage ways to decrease barriers, enhance knowledge and encourage action. Planned Behaviour theory is useful theory to predict the intentions, attitudes and behaviour in various contexts which further help to design appropriate interventions to improve behaviour. This model has ability to describe the wide range of behaviours and support the positive behaviour.

Task 3: Evaluating, Recording, and Interventions for Behaviour

3.1 Different Methods to Evaluate and Record Behaviour

Here are different methods for analysing and recording the behaviour of the people given below:

Observation – Observation is one of the best methods that help to analyse the behaviour in different environment and record accurately. Observation refers to the process in which an individual constantly utilising smell, touch, hearing and sight combined with their knowledge to monitor any kind of changes in health and behaviour of the adult people. In care homes, care takers usually spend most of the time with the people. They can easily observe the changes in behaviour and take necessary actions to improve their behaviours.

Interviews – Interviews can be most effective in terms of analysing the challenging behaviour of the people. Health care workers can take interview of an individual and ask relevant questions related to their behaviours, past life experiences and health. By interview method, care takers can gain in-depth information regarding attitudes, beliefs and perceptions. Interviews are helpful for collecting subjective perspectives from participants. This method helps to explain and understand the behaviour and opinions of an individual in better way and record important things (McFadden, 2021).

ABC chart – ABC chart is a kind of analysis tool which allows a person to record information regarding specific behaviour. The main purpose of this chart is to understand what activities and behaviour is communicating in better way. ‘A’ means antecedent or incident which happened before the behaviour was demonstrated. ‘B’ refers to clear explanation of behaviour which occurred (Prince, and et. al., 2020).

3.2 Procedure of Functional Assessment of the Behaviour

Functional assessment is the procedure of discovering the environmental incidents which predict and uphold patterns of challenging behaviour to change those variables and support and promote more acceptable and adaptive abilities to access preferred outcomes. The functional assessment procedure is comprised of five stages which are;

Collect information and data – The purpose of collecting data is to find out contextual setting incidents, experiences and consequences which affect prevalence of behaviour. Direct observation tactics and indirect information evaluation are utilised to gather information and data.

Analyse information – The second step is to examine all information in order to discover consistent patterns of problematic behaviours as well as consequences which follow behaviours. A person should compare the data which are collected by direct and indirect method to get success in the process (Salvalaggio, and et. al., 2020).

Articulate a hypothesis regarding function of behaviour – The team who conduct the functional assessment creates hypothesis according to results from the assessment. Hypothesis based on four things such as; setting incidents relevant to prevalence of challenging behaviours, predictor incidents, problem behaviour and maintaining consequences.

Create positive behaviour support plan – Hypothesis is utilised to direct the development of PBS plan. The plan must directly talk about function which was discovered by assessment process and involve strategies that will apply by the adults. This plan allow people to analyse the consequences which are maintaining the challenging behaviour in proper manner.

Monitor and make changes in plan – Evaluation of the overall process is most important as it helps to find the areas of improvements and errors in plan. Also, target behaviours are observed on ongoing process to track the usefulness of the interventions. Team should make changes in plan if they find any errors (Suksasilp, and Garfinkel, 2022).

3.3 Interventions for Supporting Positive Behaviour

Challenging behaviour is disruptive as well as difficult for people themselves and other people. Positive behaviour provide support to the people to reduce the stress and equips people with life skills so that they can recover from difficulties.

De-Escalation – It is kind of action or technique used to reduce the seriousness of conflicts, whether it is verbal, non-verbal or physical. De-Escalation method includes engaging people with challenging behaviour by making collaborative and strong relationship to verbally de-escalate them from distressed situation. The major goals of De-Escalation are to make sure the protection of aggressive patients and staff members, to help the people with challenging behaviour to handle their emotions and to avoid the utilisation of restriction where possible (Goodman, and et. al., 2020).

Communication and optimistic interaction – It is most simple and useful way to support the positive behaviour. General practitioners, care givers and nurses should communicate effectively and politely to the people who shows the challenging behaviour. Confident and supportive language used by the health care workers can be very helpful to reduce the problematic behaviour and foster cooperation. By effective communication, workers can handle tough situations and it increase the chances of fast recovery.

Positive phrasing – It is most useful way to reduce the behaviours that are problematic and challenging. Care takers can focus on misconducts or misbehaviours of the people. After that, they can tell about the negative outcomes and problems because of bad behaviour to the people. On the other hand, if they will tell about the positive outcome of the good behaviour then they can definitely try to change their behaviour.

3.4 Effectiveness of Interventions to Support Positive Behaviour

Interventions are useful to reduce the negative thoughts, feelings, behaviours and perceptions of the people. Through efficient communication, positive phrasing and De-Escalation, health care workers can improve the life of the people. All these interventions are able to make changes in the behaviour of the adult people. Through applying the strategies which encourage the positive behaviour among people can help them to treat their issues in an effective and efficient way. When interventions of PBS are implemented in right manner and with reliability, negative behaviours reduce due to preventive framework (Celofiga, and et. al., 2022).

Conclusion

As per above analysis, it is concluded that challenging behaviour negatively impact the life of an individual as well as their family members, friends and other people. By showing negative or problematic behaviour, people make their life more challenging and do not grow in life. There are many factors behind challenging behaviours such as; learning abilities, emotional thoughts, life experiences, physical illness, mental disorders and many other. All factors are highly responsible for producing the behaviour which is challenging. This report has identified interventions to provide support the positive behaviour among people. Furthermore, this report has explained about the different methods for investigating and recording behaviour along with the functional assessment process in detail.

References

Books and journals

• Almaiah, M.A., Al-Khasawneh, A. and Althunibat, A., 2020. Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the E-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic. Education and information technologies, 25, pp.5261-5280.
• Carberry, T., and et. al., 2024. Evaluating the effectiveness of the Complex Behaviour Forum—A multisystem approach to supporting people with complex challenging behaviour. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 37(4), p.e13261.
• Celofiga, A., and et. al., 2022. Effectiveness of de-escalation in reducing aggression and coercion in acute psychiatric units. A cluster randomized study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 13, p.856153.
• Goodman, H., and et. al., 2020. Barriers and facilitators to the effective de-escalation of conflict behaviours in forensic high-secure settings: a qualitative study. International journal of mental health systems, 14, pp.1-16.
• Gupta, S., Dinakaran, D. and Athanas, E., 2021. Mental Health of Black and Minority Ethnic Communities in the UK and the Utilization of the Mental Health Legislation. In Mental Health, Mental Illness and Migration (pp. 513-522). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
• Limbu, Y.B., Gautam, R.K. and Pham, L., 2022. The health belief model applied to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review. Vaccines, 10(6), p.973.
• McFadden, D., 2021. Quantitative methods for analysing travel behaviour of individuals: some recent developments. In Behavioural travel modelling (pp. 279-318). Routledge.
• Prince, S.A., and et. al., 2020. A comparison of self-reported and device measured sedentary behaviour in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17, pp.1-17.
• Salvalaggio, A., and et. al., 2020. Post-stroke deficit prediction from lesion and indirect structural and functional disconnection. Brain, 143(7), pp.2173-2188.
• Sok, J., and et. al., 2021. Farmer behaviour as reasoned action: a critical review of research with the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72(2), pp.388-412.
• Suksasilp, C. and Garfinkel, S.N., 2022. Towards a comprehensive assessment of interoception in a multi-dimensional framework. Biological Psychology, 168, p.108262.
• Willner, P., and et. al., 2020. Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of carers of people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(6), pp.1523-1533.