Philosophical And Ethical Assignment Sample

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Introduction to Philosophical And Ethical Assignment Sample

Sætra, E., 2022. An empirical moral philosophy perspective on classroom discussions of controversial issues. Educational theory, 72(5), pp.641-662.

In this article, Emil articulates on the construction and experience of the attempted aims and moral vision for the students and teachers in the classroom discourse. Based on empirical ethics, the research adopts a two-staged research approach. First, the author suggests an interview with teachers and students in order to answer two questions related to the study. The questions are presented as follows: What normative values define educative discussions of contentious issues? And how is it constructed in time and space? This paper examines the fact that such discussions engage mutating and conflicting objectives and purposes that may need to be prioritized by teachers. Second, the author, in the final analysis, discusses how these empirical findings of the study relate to other studies and makes some normative conclusions. It is also important to recognize that teachers usually find themselves accommodating multiple demands that entail a process of reasoning and evaluation in assessing the goals of education as a viable process, choosing the correct techniques of addressing the students appropriately and making moral discriminations with respect to their actions within classrooms (Sætra, 2022). The study aligns with current debates on ethics that pertain to learning, particularly the dynamics of mediating multiple positions in the classroom for meaningful critical debate. This article will be of interest to educators and policymakers, as well as researchers in the field of moral philosophy within the academic setting. This gives an understanding of the instructional issues and the ethical dilemmas that teachers experience when moderating discussions on sensitive issues.

Philosophical And Ethical Assignment Sample

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Bystranowski, P., Dranseika, V. and Żuradzki, T., 2022. Half a century of bioethics and philosophy of medicine: A topic‐modeling study. Bioethics, 36(9), pp.902-925.

This study has employed topic modelling, which is considered as the text mining approach based on the issues of bioethics in the medicine department. The authors gathered the sample from 19,488 articles jointly published in seven foremost management journals since 1971. Employing a classification algorithm, they are able to find 98 topic categories and categorize them into 8 thematic areas depending on the existing intertopic similarities. This approach offers an enriched understanding of the research topics in bioethics and the philosophy of medicine in terms of their dynamism. In studying the map based on citations, the study uses the diachronic approach to measure the degree of prevalence of specific topics over fifty years. From these discoveries, it is possible to see why the fields of bioethics and the philosophy of medicine are evolving and progressing in arising main topics and subjects (Bystranowski et al. 2022). This work will be most beneficial to members of the academia, especially ethicists, medical philosophers, and digital humanists, as this work exemplifies how big data can be processed to establish general trends. In this way, this paper advances the history of the bioethical and philosophical discussions that took place over the decades.

Kristjánsson, K. and Fowers, B., 2024. Phronesis: Retrieving practical wisdom in psychology, philosophy, and education. Oxford University Press.

In this book, phronesis, or practical wisdom, is scrutinized as a subject that defines the process of moral decision-making, citing psychology, philosophy, and education. As a piece written by a philosopher and a psychologist, the work seeks to blend theoretical models from virtue ethics with current discourses on psychology and education. In the first section of the paper, the authors argue and state their purpose, and then provide the readers with a critique of the Aristotelian approach to phronesis in modern ethical and epistemological discourses. They review literature that defines and outlines the development of phronesis as a theory and its use in different fields. Furthermore, the book also reveals other forms of the practical wisdom to which the authors pay attention as well as the ways they deliberately leave; this information is clearly outlined. The authors of this paper, Kristjánsson and Fowers, conclude that phronesis brings out internal moral agency and lays the foundation for moral thought and ethical character. It emphasizes the functions of moral decision-making, the promotion of character, and problem-solving with ethical issues as applied (Kristjánsson and Fowers, 2024). The readers of this book can benefit from knowledge and skills in psychology, philosophy, and education for understanding and applying the concepts of wisdom and moral development. In this sense, the authors of the book enrich the present-day debates on character, reason, and formation, as well as on the practical wisdom of an ordinary person, by drawing on the classical paradigm of phronesis.

Bednar, K., & Spiekermann, S. (2024). Eliciting values for technology design with moral philosophy: An empirical exploration of effects and shortcomings. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 49(3), 611-645.

In studying ethical principles of technology, this work argues that moral philosophy is more relevant to define certain values compared to the predefined firms’ value lists. The authors have pointed out that while the approach of obtaining values from certain technological contexts provides a way of avoiding the limitations associated with the preconditioned lists, it does not have a clear ethical framework. To this end, the study aims to identify how three ethical theories, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and deontology, can be used in the identification of values in designing technologies. Thus, the analysis of three technologies shows that all the discussed ethical theories have their purpose and significance in identifying ethical issues and values. This paper identifies that ethical theories make IT personnel understand both local interpretations of values and greater ethical values, including economic sustainability and personal values. Still, certain trends can be observed, namely, the orientation at the values of the canonical and egocentric cultures along with a lack of concern for the environment (Bednar & Spiekermann, 2024). The authors present a call for adopting pluralism on ethics in the designing of technologies, given that different ethical theories offer divergent perspectives on the impact of a certain type of technology. It will be important to scholars, ethicists, and technology practitioners interested in understanding the process of incorporating ethical elements into the advancement of technology. Since the study underlines the importance of using diverse ethical approaches, the study offers a critical view of how moral philosophy may develop more adequate theoretical and practical approaches to responsible innovations and practical technology solutions.

Edmonds, D. ed., 2024. AI morality. Oxford University Press.

This book under consideration is a thought-provoking collection of articles presenting various aspects of modern ethical problems to help a reader get a broad understanding of the urgent moral discords of present-day society. This brings us to the final book that addresses the matters of race and gender, environmental issues, war and international relations, global poverty, ethical uses of social media, democracy and rights, and science and technology. Through responding to these subjects, the volume offers several approaches to the modern ethical issues and, therefore, would be useful as a source of knowledge for scholars, students, and practitioners who are interested in the philosophical aspects of modern problems. Every part of this book discusses certain controversies, considers various ethical theories, and applies them to various scenarios (Edmonds, 2024). The contributors, who are specialists in ethics and philosophy of the particular areas supported by the book, actually offer readers valuable and thought-provoking points through issues by which individuals are meant to be perplexed. To be precise, the book expounds on the issues of ethical reasoning and the place of philosophy in tackling societal issues. It also considers how ethical theories may be used and incorporated within the development of policies and inter-group concerns. It will be of interest to students in particular, in the fields of applied ethics and social and political philosophy, as well as to anyone interested in current moral issues. It is a vital reference that connects the theoretical rhetoric of ethical philosophies with tangible moral issues of the modern world in the 21st century.

SJ, A.M., 2024. Contemporary Aristotelian Ethics: Alasdair MacIntyre, Martha Nussbaum, Robert Spaemann. University of Notre Dame Press.

Arthur Madigan’s work, titled ‘Contemporary Aristotelian Ethics’, is a detailed consideration of Aristotelian ethics as it offers solutions to modern ethical questions. Specifically, the book looks into the oeuvres of such authors as Alasdair MacIntyre, Martha Nussbaum, and Robert Spaemann; all identified with Aristotelianism but as the analysis will show, not without significant differences. According to Madigan, virtue ethics is still significant when it comes to the current ethical challenges in the world, including politics, education, and the professional world. Thus, one of the main concepts of the book is the development of virtue ethics and its relationship with other trends in philosophy (A.M, 2024). Thus, Madigan invites Aristotelian ethics to engage in a dialogue with other frameworks of ethics and show how such interaction would be beneficial. He does this in such a fine and detailed way that they show how virtue ethics give solutions to different issues that arise in the modern generation of moral issues. This book will be useful to scholars, students, and practitioners in moral philosophy. That is why it provides both theoretical frameworks that may be useful to scholars and lecturers in ethics, political philosophy, and, more generally, in teaching applied moral reasoning and orientations for social practitioners. Thus, placing the work of Madigan in the context of Aristotle at the present day, one has to admit that his/her research is a valuable addition to furthering the topic of virtue ethics.

Maulidi, A., 2023. Philosophical understanding of the dynamics and control of occupational fraud in the public sector: contingency analysis. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(2), pp.432-463.

Maulidi's usability dissertation provides research on occupational fraud in the public sector in order to understand the role of organizational control, structure, culture, and technology on the occurrence of occupational fraud. Hence, the research brings out a clear gap in the literature where fraud types are provided as if they are all similar. Employing the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners’ categorisation of fraud- correlation, embezzlement, and fiscal statement fraud- Maulidi offers a more refined understanding of the prevention of fraud. This study is a survey-based study, and the target local governments are three local governments of Indonesia whose leaders have been recorded to have engaged in corruption. The results imply that corruption is quite immune to the technological and administrative preventive interventions, therefore demanding the organizational controls, cultural change, and structural changes. This insight shifts the thinking on fraud prevention that has been focused on applying mass-produced technological measures (Maulidi, 2023). In this regard, Maulidi adopts the contingency theory and COSO internal control, and the new concept model for avoiding fraud is proposed to identify the contingency between the organizational design and governance dynamics. In terms of theory, this study benefits the existing theories applicable to the prevention of public sector fraud, and, in terms of practice, it introduces a more versatile approach to the issue at hand. It is especially useful for those who need practical recommendations, instructions, and guidance on how to strengthen corporate governance and control actions against occupational fraud.

Kornberger, M. and Leixnering, S., 2025. Moral Learning in Organizations: An Integrative Framework for Organizational Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-12.

In this column of administration and business review, Kornberger and Leixnering introduced the current study of moral learning in the organisation, and they developed the integrative framework that is rooted in the theory of the pragmatist and moral imaginations. According to the authors, there is a need for a capacity for moral action in organizations to handle ethical dilemmas. This idea is based on the assumption that the concept of morality does not lie in concrete ethical principles and even in external regulation. The framework is consequently composed of three elements. First, one of the definitions of morality is here more focused on action instead of value-chasing or outcome-based. Second, moral assessment involves direction-giving that is crotcheted in the same way as the moral intuitions rather than as principles (Kornberger and Leixnering, 2025). Third, moral learning is understood as a process of action and evaluation in which an ethical infrastructure consisting of organisational structures, spaces, and technologies is involved. This can create an environment in which moral development and ethical learning may take place actively. By adopting the heuristic perspective, organizational ethics becomes more coherent and applicable, providing suggestions for managers, legislators, and researchers focusing on the area of business conduct and standards. Drawing on socio-material conditions and putting them at the heart of moral action, Kornberger and Leixnering set the ground suitable for including ethical solutions that would enhance the organization’s daily practices. This study is especially important today since companies need to be moral and always oriented towards change.

Reference List

Journals

• Bednar, K., & Spiekermann, S. (2024). Eliciting values for technology design with moral philosophy: An empirical exploration of effects and shortcomings. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 49(3), 611-645.
• Bystranowski, P., Dranseika, V. and Żuradzki, T., 2022. Half a century of bioethics and philosophy of medicine: A topic‐modeling study. Bioethics, 36(9), pp.902-925.
• Edmonds, D. ed., 2024. AI morality. Oxford University Press.
• Kornberger, M. and Leixnering, S., 2025. Moral Learning in Organizations: An Integrative Framework for Organizational Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-12.
• Kristjánsson, K. and Fowers, B., 2024. Phronesis: Retrieving practical wisdom in psychology, philosophy, and education. Oxford University Press.
• Maulidi, A., 2023. Philosophical understanding of the dynamics and control of occupational fraud in the public sector: contingency analysis. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(2), pp.432-463.
• Sætra, E., 2022. An empirical moral philosophy perspective on classroom discussions of controversial issues. Educational theory, 72(5), pp.641-662.
• SJ, A.M., 2024. Contemporary Aristotelian Ethics: Alasdair MacIntyre, Martha Nussbaum, Robert Spaemann. University of Notre Dame Press.