HSO4004 Principle of Care Assignment Sample

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TASK 1: ESSAY

INTRODUCTION

Principle of care signifies about standards and ethics which are crucial to be followed in Health and Social Care [HSC] settings. These principles are integrated for delivering quality services to service users and contribute in improving their health outcomes. Prior focus implied on empowering patients and increasing their engagement in decision-making process; this is crucial for assuring respect and dignity (Charlton, 2022). In HSC service providers are guided for integrating principles of care so they can assure consistent support to patients while improving their engagement. Nevertheless; there are varied issues comprised with implication of these principles and this can significantly impact quality of care. Due to these challenges HSC professionals faces ethical dilemmas between protecting autonomy and safeguarding individual’s health. The present essay will emphasise on undertaking detailed explanation on principles of care and the ways in which these are incorporated in HSC settings for supporting vulnerable groups. A case scenario will be used in the essay for undertaking in-depth analysis. Mr. Joey [Pseudonym will be used for maintaining patient confidentiality] is a 60 years old male suffering from dementia; the patient has been recently admitted into old age care home. Principles of care need to be integrate for providing holistic support to Mr. Joey.

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MAIN BODY

Understanding principles of care, its importance and its influence on the rights of vulnerable individuals

Principles of care develop significant impact quality of services and it provides detailed guidance related to ethical aspects that should be performed by HSC professionals. These principles are aligned with person-centred care approach and service provider analyse the needs and preference of patients and based on this further actions are taken (England, N.H.S. and Improvement, N.H.S., 2020). From the literature it has been evident that patient-centred care is crucial for supporting patient to greater extent; it complies with understanding unique needs and requirements of services and based on this care services are given to them (England, N.H.S. and Improvement, N.H.S., 2020). Service provider assures specific focus on integrating principles of care while adhering with person-centred care and this leads to create significant support for patients. In HSC principles of care are specifically used for supporting vulnerable individuals such as- Mr Joey; such patient requires consistent care and it is the accountability of healthcare professionals that they must ensure holistic support to them. Rights of vulnerable individuals are protected and they are further advocated about their rights (Carroll et al, 2021). Respect and dignity, confidentiality, autonomy, beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Communication, Empowerment and Best of interest decision are the major principles of care which complies with “The Care Act 2014”. (Whitehead and Dahlgren, 2021.

HSO4004 Principle of Care Assignment Sample

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Respect and dignity proves to be major principle of care; it focuses on respecting individuals needs while considering their values; in HSC care professionals are accountable for respecting individual’s perception and interest (Sheikh et al, 2021). Mr Joey suffering from dementia and therefore, care professionals are accountable for supporting him without undertaking any kind of disrespect. There are higher possibilities that Mr Joey needs additional assistance with varied tasks and this might develop frustration in anyone supporting Mr Joey. However, in such situation Mr. Joey should be supported and respected; a sense of belongingness must be developed in him and further he should be given opportunity for making choices regarding his clothes.

Confidentiality is expounded as that principle which focuses on protecting personal information of service users. This data is associated with personal information, history, family, healthcare needs and lifestyle of patients. Service provider needs to protect this information while complying with GDPR. Confidentiality is essential so that no one can misuse the information and therefore, significant focus requires to be implied on this area. However, only in specific situation such as- if there is threat to patient’s health then only the information is shared for medical purpose (Sheikh et al, 2021). Otherwise, care professional’s needs to strictly comply with maintaining patient confidentiality. Protecting personal information of service users led to create trust among them and improves their engagement in care procedure. In case of Mr. Joey service provider is responsible for protecting his personal information and there is no disclosure of the information should be done (Sheikh et al, 2021). Hence, there is no doubt in depicting that maintaining confidentiality is highly crucial for promoting sense of belongingness in patient. It supports in developing therapeutic alliance with patient and improves their health outcomes.

Autonomy refers to encouraging patients for making their own decisions; service users should be made aware about their conditions so they can be involved in decision making process. However, it is the accountability of care professionals that they must provide information related to available treatment options to patients. These enable patients to gain knowledge about their conditions and available options (Chatzidakis et al, 2020). In this manner, significant support could be assured to service users; however, in case of Mr. Joey it is important to consider primary caregiver for participating in decision procedure as the patient is vulnerable. Therefore, everything needs to be discussed with primary caregiver and autonomy of patient requires to be maintained. Integrating patient autonomy supports in improving their morals to greater extent and further enhances their engagement in decision making process.

Principle of beneficence determines that care professionals must act in accordance with the best interest of patient. This specifies that such actions should be taken that protects and respects the right of patients and further significant emphasis is implied on reducing such actions that creates harm for patients (Chatzidakis et al, 2020). For example- Care professional need to take such action that improves well-being of Mr. Joey and reduces the potential risk of abuse. It is pivotal to undertake consistent communication with patient so their past abuse and traumas can be assessed and accordingly, appropriate actions could be take for assuring support to patient.

Principle of Nonmaleficence is considered as an ethical obligation that should be followed by service providers for avoiding cause of harms for patient. This principle is based on the concept of “duty of care” and “duty to prevent” (Benson and Grieve, 2021). For instance- Mr. Joey has been suffering from dementia and due to this he often faces issues in communicating his needs. This can often create severe risks for patient in long-run; in case Mr. Joey experiences abuse then he would not be able to communicate it properly. Therefore, in such situation it is important for service provider to undertake “duty to prevent” by implementing consistent interaction with patient. This supports in gaining their trust and further patient’s non-verbal cues can be effectively understood by care professionals.

Communication has been considered as an important aspect in principles of care; an effective communication leads to consistency in care. On the other hand, ineffective communication leads to create inconsistency in care and further negatively impacts patient outcomes (Masterson et al, 2022). Therefore, it is crucial to ensure focus on implementing effective communication with patient. Care professional must use verbal and non-verbal both the form of communication for developing therapeutic alliance with Mr Joey. It supports in understanding the issues of patient and accordingly, appropriate decisions could be considered that complies with needs and preferences of patients. Thus, there is no doubt in articulating that effective communication is a pivotal principle and that requires to be focused out as it contributes in improving patient engagement to greater extent.

Patient empowerment principle focuses on empowering vulnerable individuals by advocating them so they can take important decisions. It contributes in developing sense of independence in patient and improves their morals to greater extent (Varkey, 2021). For vulnerable individuals such as- Mr. Joey it is important to use easy and concise language while advocating them. This results in increasing patient understanding and further improves self-esteem to higher extent. Moreover, “Best Interest” proves to be an important care principle; it is specifically introduced for vulnerable individuals like Mr. Joey. This principle encourages for taking such decision that act in accordance with patient interest and improves wellbeing to greater extent (Chatzidakis et al, 2020). For example- in case of Mr. Joey there is needed to approach counsellors who can assure mental support to patient. This decision acts in accordance with best interest of patient and therefore, this should be considered.

It is the accountability of care provider that they should assure vulnerable individuals are receiving best care treatment and there is no harm to their health outcomes. Hence, from the analysis this can be said that person-centred care approach is vital for considering principles of care in HSC. This contributes in providing consistent support to service users and improves their patient’s wellbeing.

Issues of care control

In HSC challenges related to care and control drastically influence service user needs and therefore, it is crucial to balancing rights and needs of individuals. Service providers are accountable for promoting client encouragement in care procedure however; they struggle in balancing individual autonomy and safety. In accordance with principle of autonomy it is important to undertake patient opinion in decision making process. However; there are certain situation develops in which patient own decision often possess risk of their health. For example- Mr. Joey prefers to smoke however, this is not good for their health. In order to protect Mr. Joey health it is important for care provider to deny him from smoking. This leads to create an ethical dilemma as Mr. Joey’s personal preferences are not considered and this is against autonomy principle (Vaismoradi et al, 2020). In such situation where autonomy and safety clashes with each other an ethical dilemma arises. Thus, in such situation it is important to promote prioritise health of service user as the personal choice related to smoking posse’s potential risk for patient health (Morton and Thurman, 2023). Additionally, patients must be educated about negative consequences of smoking. Moreover, care provider must communicate with primary caregiver of patient and they should be made aware about negative impact of smoking. Hence, in the situation of ethical dilemma such action should be considered that protects patient wellbeing.

Another issue comprised with diverse care needs and resource allocation; it is important to allocate necessary resources as lacking in this context drastically impacts delivery of care services (Teisberg, Wallace and Hara, 2020). Also, in such situation HSC settings are not able to comply with diverse needs of patient and therefore, resource planning should be taken in consideration so that adequate resources can be allocated and diverse needs of individuals could be met. In this manner, issues related to resources allocation can be solved and consistent support to patient could be ensured. In HSC, care professionals are accountable for providing holistic support to patient and therefore, they are guided for following ethical framework, standards and clinical government rules. The major complexity comprised with navigation of ethical dilemma and therefore, in such situation guidance from experts requires to be taken (Cottrell et al, 2021). Also, such decision should be considered that acts in accordance with best interest of patient. Hence, there is need to implement specific focus on assessing the issues of care and control so that appropriate decisions could be taken and positive impact on patient health can be developed.

Importance of legislation in protecting vulnerable individuals

Legislations are playing pivotal role in safeguarding vulnerable individuals. There are specific ethical standards and guidelines are set within legislations and this requires to be followed by service providers for maintaining clinical competency. “The Care Act 2014” proves to be fundamental legislation of HSC UK; this led to provide guidance regarding the ways in which care service should be provided to services (Slaná and Slaný 2021). It focuses on safeguarding vulnerable patient’s like- Mr. Joey. Integration of this legislation enables service providers to perform their practices effectively and contributes in improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, “Equality Act 2010” is based on reducing extent of discrimination and increasing access to healthcare services for individuals belonging from different backgrounds (Health and Social Care Legislation UK, 2023). This act specifies that there is no discrimination should be undertaken with vulnerable people and equal treatment must be given to them further; additional support requires to be provided to them.

Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act [SVGA] 2006” emphasises on protecting vulnerable individuals from any kind of abuse. This leads to reduce the risk of harm for individuals, care professionals are entitled to integrate this act in their practices and they needs to protect vulnerable individuals from harm and abuse (Cuthbertson, Robb and Blair, 2020). It is important to consider this legislation for safeguarding and protecting vulnerable individuals such as- Mr Joey. This supports in creating significant support for patient while developing sense of belongingness. SVGA 2006 is considered as one of the important legislation in HSC as this significantly aligns with performing principles of care. Therefore, it is essential to implement significant focus on this area and consistent support requires to be assured to vulnerable individuals. “The Health and Social Care Act 2008” has been introduced by Care Quality Commission [CQC]; this act focuses on providing wide range of services within HSC and specific focus is integrated on taking legal action if any safeguarding issues arise to patient (Health and Social Care Legislation UK, 2023). The motive is to ensure consistent support to individuals and accordingly, care procedure is undertaken.

CONCLUSION

Hence, there is no doubt in depicting that the above mentioned legislations are providing significant guidelines for performing health and social care practices. These regulations aim to protect individuals from abuse and threats. Also, this assures that safe practices are undertaken for ensuring consistent support to service users. Care professionals are responsible for adhering with these practices and consequently, they should perform their practices for improving health outcomes of service users.

TASK 2: REFLECTIVE ACCOUNT

Reflection is considered a piece of academic writing that supports scholar in reflecting on their personal experience and learning regarding significant incident. This further provides opportunities related to identifying own strengths and weaknesses which is crucial for future development. In current reflection, I will use Gibb’s reflecting and complete reflection by considering six stages- description of experience, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan (Adeani, Febriani and Syafryadin, 2020). During this module, I got an effective opportunity to develop significant understanding regarding principles of care. I have learned that integration of these principles is highly crucial as this significantly links with improving patient outcomes. This plays pivotal role in safeguarding vulnerable individuals with HSC settings and care professionals are accountable for considering these principles so they can improve quality of services while considering patient needs. During this learning I have gained effective understanding related to principles of care and those are- Respect and dignity, confidentiality, autonomy, beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Communication, Empowerment and Best of interest decision.

I have learned that while interacting with vulnerable individual such as- Mr. Joey it is important to ensure consistent respect and dignity towards them. It supports in gaining their attention and further supports in developing sense of belongingness among patients. I realised that how much it is important to undertake such practices that ensures benefits to service users instead of developing harm. Care professionals are accountable for taking those decisions that acts in accordance with best interest of patients. I will use this learning in future while interacting with patient; I am going to ensure that service user is engaged in decision making process however, in case of vulnerable individuals such as Mr. Joey the discussion would be undertaken with their primary caregiver and consequently, best interest decision will be considered. This supports in gaining trust of service users and further improves their relationship between service provider and service user. I am going to assure that the decisions are complying with best interest of patients. This supports in understanding the aspects which might create negative influence on patient outcomes. Hence, there is no doubt in depicting that integration of principles of care is highly crucial for assuring safeguarding to patient along with improving their health outcomes.

Moreover, I have witnessed that maintaining patient confidentiality is highly crucial and this lead to increase trust among them. Therefore, significant focus requires to be implied on this context. I will maintain the confidentiality of patient and no disclosure of patient’s personal information would be done. In case of emergency specifically when there is threat to patient then only personal information will be disclosed. In this manner, I will be able to comply with confidentiality standards and consequently, effective support to patient would be ensured.

Empowering patient is important for improving their self-esteem particularly in case of vulnerable individual’s empowerment plays essential role (Slaná and Slaný 2021). Therefore, in my future practice I am going to support patient and significant focus would be implied on empowering them; I will focus on assessing service user’s strengths and accordingly, these strengths will be used for empowering patient. Moreover; principles of beneficence and Nonmaleficence are important for promoting such practices that promotes patient well-being and reduces potential of harm (Moudatsou et al, 2020). Thereby, I am going to consider these principles as this enables me in taking appropriate actions that improves patient outcomes to greater extent. I have further identified the importance of communication and I got to know that using verbal and non-verbal form of communication is essential for forming effective interaction with patient. Non-verbal cues supports in understanding mood and feelings of service users and accordingly, support could be assured to them (Cuthbertson, Robb and Blair, 2020). In future I am going to integrate effective communication method that complies with both verbal and non-verbal method.

Based on the reflection I can say that integration of principles of care is highly crucial for improving service user’s wellbeing. These principles are the standards and ethics that forms structured pattern for delivering quality care to service users. I am going to integrate all of these principles in future as these comprises with improving quality of services and safeguarding patients. Hence, there is no doubt in depicting that principles of care adheres with person-centred care approach as prior focus implied on improving patient wellbeing and therefore, it should be integrated in HSC settings. This leads to improve trust in service user and further develops sense of belongingness which is essential for developing effective interacting with client.

REFERENCES

Books and Journals

• Benson, T. and Grieve, G., 2021. Principles of health interoperability. Cham: Springer International, pp.21-40.
• Carroll, S.R., Herczog, E., Hudson, M., Russell, K. and Stall, S., 2021. Operationalizing the CARE and FAIR Principles for Indigenous data futures. Scientific data, 8(1), p.108.
• Charlton, V., 2022. Justice, transparency and the guiding principles of the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Health Care Analysis, 30(2), pp.115-145.
• Chatzidakis, A., Hakim, J., Litter, J., Rottenberg, C. and Care Collective, 2020. The care manifesto: The politics of interdependence. Verso Books.
• Chatzidakis, A., Hakim, J., Litter, J., Rottenberg, C. and Care Collective, 2020. The care manifesto: The politics of interdependence. Verso Books.
• Cottrell, R.R., Seabert, D., Spear, C. and McKenzie, J.F., 2021. Principles of health education and promotion. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
• Cuthbertson, L.M., Robb, Y.A. and Blair, S., 2020. Theory and application of research principles and philosophical underpinning for a study utilising interpretative phenomenological analysis. Radiography, 26(2), pp.e94-e102.
• England, N.H.S. and Improvement, N.H.S., 2020. Personalised care. Available at: england. nhs. uk/personalisedcare/[Accessed 1 Apr 2019].
• Masterson, D., Areskoug Josefsson, K., Robert, G., Nylander, E. and Kjellström, S., 2022. Mapping definitions of co‐production and co‐design in health and social care: a systematic scoping review providing lessons for the future. Health Expectations, 25(3), pp.902-913.
• Morton, P.G. and Thurman, P., 2023. Critical care nursing: a holistic approach. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Moudatsou, M., Stavropoulou, A., Philalithis, A. and Koukouli, S., 2020, January. The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. In Healthcare (Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 26). MDPI.
• Sheikh, A., Anderson, M., Albala, S., Casadei, B., Franklin, B.D., Richards, M., Taylor, D., Tibble, H. and Mossialos, E., 2021. Health information technology and digital innovation for national learning health and care systems. The Lancet Digital Health, 3(6), pp.e383-e396.
• Slaná, M. and Slaný, J., 2021. Comparison of ethical principles applied in social work and health care. Pensée plurielle, 54(2), pp.188-206.
• Teisberg, E., Wallace, S. and O’Hara, S., 2020. Defining and implementing value-based health care: a strategic framework. Academic Medicine, 95(5), pp.682-685.
• Vaismoradi, M., Tella, S., A. Logan, P., Khakurel, J. and Vizcaya-Moreno, F., 2020. Nurses’ adherence to patient safety principles: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), p.2028.
• Varkey, B., 2021. Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Medical Principles and Practice, 30(1), pp.17-28.
• Whitehead, M. and Dahlgren, G., 2021. Concepts and principles for tackling social inequities in health.
• Adeani, I.S., Febriani, R.B. and Syafryadin, S., 2020. Using GIBBS’reflective cycle in making reflections of literary analysis. Indonesian EFL Journal, 6(2), pp.139-148.
• Cuthbertson, L.M., Robb, Y.A. and Blair, S., 2020. Theory and application of research principles and philosophical underpinning for a study utilising interpretative phenomenological analysis. Radiography, 26(2), pp.e94-e102.
• Moudatsou, M., Stavropoulou, A., Philalithis, A. and Koukouli, S., 2020, January. The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. In Healthcare (Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 26). MDPI.
• Slaná, M. and Slaný, J., 2021. Comparison of ethical principles applied in social work and health care. Pensée plurielle, 54(2), pp.188-206.